Enhanced sequencing and merging operations Objective to redistribute

Enhanced sequencing and merging operations • Objective: to redistribute tasks related to sequencing (e. g. in-trail) and merging of traffic between controllers and flight crews. • Benefits: – Controller availability by reorganisation and streamlining of tasks – More regular spacing based on actual separation minima and thus an increase in capacity – Increased flight crew awareness of traffic and anticipation of ATC instructions • Implementation considerations – New instructions will require specific functions on board aircraft related to HMI and automation – Only pair-wise equipage required but maximum benefits from all equipped

Enhanced sequencing and merging operations – spacing instructions heading then remain heading then merge s WPT s s XYZ 123 235 40 XYZ 456 250 - 41 XYZ 456 250 41 XYZ 123 235 40 merge remain WPT s XYZ 123 235 40 s XYZ 456 250 41 XYZ 123 235 40 XYZ 456 250 41

Enhanced sequencing and merging operations – heading then merge • Pilot • Controller – Identifies target – Designates target “XYZ 456, target 1234 “XYZ 456, select target 1234” identified, – Gives initial heading, waypoint and 8 o’clock, 30 miles” desired spacing – Resumes when spacing “XYZ 456, heading 270 then behind obtained then, adjusts speed target merge INKAK 8 miles behind” to maintain spacing • Navigation – Target direct INKAK (no turning point) INKAK – Ownship on heading 8 Nm then direct INKAK (not on target trail) • Air-air surveillance 1234 XYZ 456 – Target position and speed (no intent required)

Heading then merge instruction ground & air views INKAK

Enhanced sequencing and merging Co. Space experiments ALESO CIV DIMAL NEBUL CMB MOPIL VERMA Overall: • Four measured sectors • Dense and “generic” airspace (Paris South. East arrivals) • All traffic equipped • Use of spacing instructions at controller’s discretion Independent variables: • Level of traffic (high, very high) • Sector configuration (converging point) • Use of airborne spacing (with, without) DPE VEULE KATIL NITAR OPALE KENAP ARDEN NURMO AMOGA NITEN KOPOR XERAM ANARU TALUN MTD SOMTU VEDUS RAPOR TARIM LORTA ROUSY GIMER GORTU DIDOR FW INIR PON GEMRA BAMES LGL LFPO TSU KORVI PO 703 TOLPA ETAMP SUSIN PO 706 BERAP VATRI BUBLI KOTUN ROVIN ARSIL FIJAC ROMIL MEL TELBO STR GELTA OBORN ABITA BRY DORDI ORVEN ROTSI LAULY VERIX AO 2 OKRIX USIMI LASAT MANAG BOLLY CDN PILON LUREN AR 2 AX RLP BEGAR TUNOR RESPO TIRSO CHABY OSKIN MOTAL IXILU BUDON BODON LUPEN POGOL EPL LUVAL MELKO TRO DOPIN PTV BONET BAXIR SONAT FAO 26 PO 705 MELEE FW INIO MAROL GTQ LAGIL CLM BARAK RBT EPR CHW NIPOR OL SOTOR VADOM RANUX CTL FAG 26 UTELA BEGEL VAMDA SUIPE BSN LFPG PGS BT MEDOX REM VELER AVLON LUL BLM TINIL KASON AMB HR DELOX REKLA TORPA MOROK VERDI AR 1 FE NEV PENDU DIJ HOC LASON BASUD ARPUS ALOGA CACHI RIGNI ROMTA BENIP AO 1 FE ATN LISMO TUROM BAGOL GALBI MOU BIBOT LUSAR ALURA MENOX VADEM LIRKO SAUNI SOSAL KELUK AMORO SPR GERBI BUSIL MOLUS PAS MILPA LOGNI GUERE GVA LESPI PUNSA GIRKU BULOL ROA ROLAV COLLO DANBO CERVI VIRIE CMF BANKO ONZON MADOT RUSIT LSA BELUS GIPNO TDP BALSI MURRO ETREK VANAS AOSTA

Co. Space - Spatial mapping of instructions Very high traffic Without airborne spacing Very high traffic With airborne spacing

In-trail procedure in oceanic airspace • Objective: to allow in-trail ADS-B equipped aircraft in non -radar oceanic airspace, which may not be longitudinally separated from each other, to climb or descend through each other’s flight levels. • Benefits: – Improved utilisation of the North Atlantic oceanic airspace by facilitating a higher rate of flight level changes yielding better flight efficiency (e. g. fuel savings, avoiding turbulent flight levels) • Implementation considerations – Safety studies needed to determine spacing value

In-trail procedure in oceanic airspace Procedural Separation Satisfied Aircraft D Aircraft E OF Procedural Separation NOT Satisfied ITP C LIMB Procedural Separation NOT Satisfied AIRCRAFT Track Alpha - FL 330 Aircraft B Aircraft C Track Alpha - FL 320 Aircraft A. Track Alpha - FL 310

Enhanced crossing and passing operations • Objective: to provide controller with new set of instructions to solve conflicts e. g. directing flight crews to cross or pass designated traffic aircraft while maintaining a given spacing value. • Benefits: – Increased controller availability through reorganisation and streamlining of tasks – Increased flight crew awareness of traffic and anticipation of ATC instructions • Implementation considerations – New instructions will require specific functions on board aircraft related to HMI and automation – Only pair-wise equipage required but maximum benefits from all equipped

Enhanced crossing and passing instructions Resume climb Resume navigation - crossing Resume navigation - passing “Level instruction, until clear of target then resume climb to FLx” “Heading instruction, until clear of target then resume to WPT” “Offset instruction, until clear of target then resume to WPT” DLH 456 310 - 46 DLH 456 290 - 46 8 Nm WPT 8 Nm DLH 456 310 - 46 DLH 456 290 46 AFR 123 310 - 45 AFR 123 310 - 35 WPT Pass above / below Pass behind Overtake “Above target, pass above, climb FLx” “Behind target, pass behind then resume to WPT” “To the left/right overtake target then resume to WPT” DLH 456 310 - 46 DLH 456 330 46 DLH 456 290 - 46 WPT 8 Nm DLH 456 310 - 46 D 8 Nm AFR 123 310 - 45 WPT AFR 123 310 - 35

‘Package II (2012 -2020)’ • Enhanced ground surveillance / airborne surveillance applications from package I e. g. ‘Package I applications that prove too complex • ADS-B as a sole means of surveillance in high density airspace • Airborne separation applications (i. e. Principles for the use of ASAS (PO-ASAS) category III applications) • Airborne self-separation applications (i. e. PO-ASAS category IV applications) in low-density airspace

‘Package III (>2020)’ • Enhanced ground surveillance / airborne surveillance applications from previous packages • Airborne self-separation applications (i. e. PO-ASAS category IV applications) in medium/high-density airspace

High traffic density route network and ASAS? Example research idea – 3 D route structure based on layers of parallel tracks at 45° Average route length ~5% longer than direct Europe?