Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents with Anaerobic

Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents with Anaerobic Biochem® John S. Haselow Redox Tech, LLC Morrisville, NC 1

Redox Tech, LLC • Founded in 1995 • Provide turn-key in situ treatment with biological and chemical manipulation, both reduction and oxidation • Hydraulic fracturing with Geoprobe • Soil Blending with specialized equipment • Offices in GA, IL, NC, RI and IL 2

CHEMISTRY • Chemical Oxidation • Chemical Reduction • Aerobic Bioremediation • Anaerobic Bioremediation • Metals Stabilization 3

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Reductive Dechlorination Products • Sodium lactate • Molasses • Polylactates • Cheese whey • Soybean Oil • Dairy wastewater • Off-specification beer 5

Anaerobic Biochem (ABC)® • Granted variance in the State of Florida • Been applied in 11 States on over thirty sites • Protected by US Patent 6, 001, 252 • License agreement with Adventus for addition of zero valent iron • Blended and distributed from Joliet IL • Trademark recently approved 6

Anaerobic Biochem® • Sodium lactate • Ethyl lactate • Fatty Acids • Phosphate p. H buffer • Zero Valent Iron • Vitamin B 12 7

Anaerobic Biochem® • Sodium lactate is added for a relatively inexpensive, safe metabolically available carbon source • Ethyl lactate converts to ethanol and lactic acid through hydrolysis. Provides solvent effects for disperse non-aqueous phase liquids • Fatty Acids provide long-term carbon source and inhibit methanogenesis 8

Anaerobic Biochem® • Phosphate p. H buffer provides biological micronutrient and stabilizes the p. H around 8 s. u. • Zero Valent Iron – added for chemical reduction and provides iron catalyst • Vitamin B 12 crucial vitamin needed for cell growth 9

Anaerobic Biochem® • Has a viscosity similar to “sweet tea” • All ingredients are generally recognized as safe • Available in five gallon pails, 55 gallon drums, 330 gallon totes or tankers • Does not require special handling or heating • Has a long-term carbon source 10

Case Study #1 • Mac. Dill Air Force Base, SWMU #61 • Side-by-side comparison of aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation • Seventeen injection points on 10 foot centers • Two thousand pounds of ABC® injected at twenty weight percent in April 2003 • Completed with Earth Tech, Inc. 11

Injection Locations 12

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Case Study #1 • All target contaminants reduced to below regulatory limits and maintained below • In same area, aerobic bioremediation did not address VC • Full-scale has not yet been implemented 14

Case Study #2 • Mac. Dill Air Force Base, SWMU #25 • Side-by-side comparison of aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation • Ten injection points on 20 foot centers • One thousand pounds injected • Completed with Black & Veatch in November 2004 15

TCE 29 to ND, DCE 290 to 600 to 59, VC from 140 to 600 to 140 TCE 750 to ND, DCE 3300 to 370, VC from 380 to 1300 to 670 16

Case Study #2 Summary • Volatile Fatty Acids still present at significant levels six months after injection • Worked in limestone mud environment • Saw classical decay events occur • Full-scale is currently being planned 17

Case Study #3 • Industrial Facility, Louisiana (pre-Katrina) • Active pump-and-treat going for over a decade • Iron fouling problem in air stripper • Pilot test completed in April 2005 • 1000 pounds of ABC® injected by consultant 18

Post Application Results 19

Case Study #3 Summary • Can be used to drastically reduce long-term costs for pump-and-treat • Can be used with existing P&T systems but there always concerns with iron 20

Case Study #4 • Side-by-Side comparison of sodium lactate and Anerobic Biochem® • Both products were injected into 5 separate wells on the same site in same vicinity in April 2005 • Comparable levels of contamination and area biogeochemistry 21

Results 22

Case Study #4 • Anaerobic Bio. Chem® produced better results than ordinary lactate • Volatile Fatty Acids remained in the ABC well • Injection of ABC at other area is planned 23

Conclusion • Anaerobic Bio. Chem is a cost-effective product for enhanced anaerobic bioremediation • It has been used in multiple states and we have had no failures to date • In some instances, we inject dehalococcoides with ABC 24