ENGLISH SENTENCE STRUCTURE 1 SUBJECT VERB OBJECTCOMPLEMENT In

ENGLISH SENTENCE STRUCTURE

1 SUBJECT – VERB OBJECT/COMPLEMENT �In affirmative sentence, the subject comes before the verb; object and complements come after the verb: Ann smiled. My father likes dogs. Eric is a doctor. �The verb before the subject in a few structures: So can I. In came Mrs Parker. Those people I can’t stand.

2 IT AND THERE AT THE BEGINNING �IT when the S or O is an infinitive phrase or clause: It’s difficult to understand what he wants. (infinitive phrase) She made it clear that she disagreed. (clause) �There as a S for an indefinite expression: There is a big spider in the bath.

3 DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS; PASSIVE SENTENCES �Indirect object before direct object: She sent the nurse some flowers. �Direct O after indirect O (with a prepostion): She sent some flowers to the nurse. PASSIVE SENTENCES: The nurse was sent some flowers. Some flowers were sent to the nurse.

4 QUESTIONS �Auxiliary verb – subject – main verb: Have you seen Andrew? Where was she going? Did Mary phone? �Indirect questions (like statements, S -V): Can you tell me if you have seen Andrew? Do you know where she was going?

5 NEGATIVES �Auxiliary + not The train didn’t stop. �Negative questions: Why didn’t she call me? / Why did she not call me?

6 ADJECTIVES BEFORE NOUNS an interesting book difficult questions

7 POSITION OF ADVERBS �With the verb, at the beginning or at the end: Suddenly we heard a shot. The children had probably gone home. I was playing badly. Adverbs cannot normally come between a verb and its object; I like oranges very much.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY (always, usually, often, sometimes, never…) �Before main verb (Simple Present Tense): We usually have lunch at 1 o’clock. The teacher often gives us tests. He doesn’t always watch TV in the evening. But: Sometimes I feel so exhausted. �After to be: She is always late.

8 SUBORDINATE CLAUSES �Either first or last in a sentence (depending on what is to be emphasised): While I was having a shower, I slipped on the floor while I was having a shower. -the most important information usually comes last -punctuation

9 EMPHATIC STRUCTURES �It and what at the beginning: It was my mother who finally called the police. What I need is a hot bath and drink. �Fronting: The other plans we’ll look at next week. Nice man, Joe.

10 LEAVING WORDS OUT �Informal style: Postman been? Seen John? Sometimes S is put in a tag at the end: Likes his beer, Stephen does. Funny, your brother. Nice day, isn’t it?

11 ADVERBS �Adverbs and adverbial expressions at the beginning of a clause: Once upon a time there were three little pigs. One day… On the right you can see… Opposite the living room is… � Adverb particles at the beginning: Off we go! Down you come! (instructions to children)

12 TAGS �Extra words at the end: They work very hard, most of them. They work very hard, don’t they? (question tag) That’s the doorbell, I think. Likes his beer, John does. (with auxiliary) �Emphasising tags: I’m getting fed up, I am.

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