English Language Teaching Institute IASE Bikaner presents EContents

English Language Teaching Institute IASE, Bikaner presents E-Contents for class X First Flight

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LESSON 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom First black president of South Africa Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

About the author Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born 18 July 1918) is a South African politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before being elected President, Mandela was a militant anti-apartheid activist, and the leader and co-founder of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).

Discuss "When I born, I Black, When I grow up, I Black, When I go in Sun, I Black, When I scared, I Black, When I sick, I Black, And when I die, I still black. . . . And you White fellow, When you born, you Pink, When you grow up, you White, When you go in Sun, you Red, When you cold, you Blue, When you scared, you Yellow, When you sick, you Green, And when you die, you Gray. . . . And you calling me Coloured ? ? ? "

About The Lesson Apartheid is a political system that separates people according to their race. Can you say which of the three countries named below had such a political system until very recently ? (i) North America (ii) South Africa (iii) Australia

Apartheid a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa

Glossary (to be) besieged by =to be surrounded closely by Amphitheatre =a building without a roof, with many rows of seats rising in steps (typical of ancient Greece and Rome) confer (a formal word) here, give Emancipation= freedom from restriction Deprivation =state of not having one's rightful benefits Discrimination =being treated differently or unfavourably

spectacular array= an impressive display (colourful and attractive)not unmindful of conscious of; aware of Chevron =a pattern in the shape of a V Profound =deep and strong Despised= had a very low opinion of Resilience =the ability to deal with any kind of hardship and recover from its effects pushed to our limits =pushed to the last point in our ability to bear pain

Main Events of the lesson

The inauguration day Ø Tenth May dawned. Ø It was bright and clear. Many world leaders had been coming to the author to pay respects to him. ØThe inauguration was to be the largest gathering of world leaders there.

The place of inauguration The ceremonies took place in a big open building in Pretoria. Here the South Africa's first democratic non-racial govt. was to be installed to the well-being of the people.

The swearing-in ceremony On that day the author was in the company of his daughter Zenani. Mr. De Klerk was first sworn in as second deputy President. Then Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as first deputy President. It was the author's turn then. He was sworn in as the President. He pledged to obey and uphold the constitution.

The inauguration ceremony took place in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria.

The author addresses The author spoke of the newborn liberty. He thanked all the international guests. He said that they had come there to be with his countrymen. It was the common victory for justice, peace and human dignity. He pledged to liberate his people from poverty, suffering and discrimination.

Display by jets and helicopters After a few moments colourful South African jets and helicopters flew over the Union Buildings there. It was for military's loyalty to democracy to a new govt. Then the highest military generals having medals on their chests saluted the author. He thought that they would have arrested him many years before.

Singing of the national anthem The day was symbolized for the author by the playing of two national anthems. The whites sang 'Nkosi Sikelel' and the blacks sang 'Die Stem'.

The author's thoughts On that day of the inauguration, the author thought of history. In the first decade the South African people had patched up their differences with other black-skinned people. They had built a system of superiority also. It was the basis of the harshest societies. This system now stood overturned. Now it was the system that recognized the rights and freedoms of all people.

The author's regret This day came after the sacrifices of thousands of the people. The author thought of himself the sum of all those people. He was pained that he couldn't thank them.

Freedom fighters remembered The policy of apartheid created a lasting wound in his country and his people. This policy had produced great freedom fighters. They were like Oliver Tambos, Walter Sisulus, Chief Luthulis, Yusuf Dadoos etc. They were men of uncommon courage, wisdom and generosity. The country was rich in minerals. But its greatest wealth was its people.

The definition of courage From these people the author learnt the meaning of courage. They risked their lives. They underwent great torture. He learnt.

Man's natural goodness No one is born hating another person due to colour or religion. They could be taught to love. Love comes naturally to the human heart. In prison they were pushed to the wall. But he saw humanity in the hearts of the guards. It was man's goodness. It can't be put out.

Man's duties In life every man has twin dutiesto his family, to his community and country. The author found it difficult to fulfill these two duties. It was because a coloured man in South Africa was punished if he lived like a human being. Such a man was forced to live apart from his own people. So he was not allowed to do his duties to his family.

Freedom defined The author was born free. He was not born with a hunger to be free. He was free as long as he obeyed his father and obeyed the customs of his tribe. But soon he realized that his freedom was an illusion. He began to hunger for freedom when it was taken from him. As a student he wanted freedom to read and go. As a young man in Johannesburg he wanted freedom to be as per his potential. He also wanted the freedom of livelihood and of family.

Desire for freedom made him bold He saw that he was not free like his brothers and sisters. Then he joined the African National Congress. Then his hunger for freedom became great for the freedom of his people. The desire for the freedom of his people to live with dignity gave him power. It made him bold. It made him live like a monk. The chains on his people became chains for him too.

Oppressor and the oppressed without humanity The author knew that the oppressor must be liberated like the oppressed. A man who takes away another's freedom becomes the hated. No one is free if he is taking someone else's freedom. Both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of humanity.

Oral Comprehension Check 1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone? Ans. The ceremonies took place in the sandstone amphitheatre formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. The Parliament House in New Delhi, the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi and Madras High Court in Chennai are some examples of Indian public buildings that are made of sandstone. 2. Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa? Ans. 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa because on this day there was the largest gathering of international leaders on South African soil for the installation of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial government.

Q. 3 At the beginning of his speech, Madela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end? Ans. The ‘extraordinary human disaster’ that Mandela mentioned at the beginning of his speech refers to the inhuman practice of apartheid i. e. , the racial discrimination suffered by the blacks at the hands of whites in South Africa. At the end, the ‘glorious human achievement’ that he spoke of refers to the establishment of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial government.

Q. 4 What does Mandela thank the international leaders for? Answer. Mandela felt privileged to be the host to the nations of the world because not too long ago, the South Africans were considered outlaws. He thus thanked all the international leaders for having come to witness his investiture as President since this event could be considered as a common victory for justice, peace and human dignity.

Question 5: What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa? Ans. Mandela had high hopes for the future of South Africa. He pledged to liberate all South Africans from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. He also stressed that the beautiful land of South Africa would never experience racial discrimination again.

Prepared by Poonam Yadav Senior Teacher of English GGSSS, LBD, Raghunathsar Kuan, Bikaner Mob: 01512231253 Rajendra Prasad Lecturer in English GSSS, Suratgarh (Sri Ganganagar) Mob: 9929842897

Academic Support Ram Gopal Sharma Chief Resource Person ELTI, IASE, Bikaner Edited by Rameshwar Lal Basera Reader, ELTI, IASE, Bikaner Facilitated by Yashoda Khatri Resource Person, ELTI, IASE, Bikaner Issued by CM Gangwal Director ELTI, IASE, Bikaner

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