English for Computer Science By Dr Kusay Faisal

English for Computer Science By Dr. Kusay Faisal Abdulrazak Programming/ Low level system (Topic 6) Grammar: Linking words Reference: Basic English for Computing by Eric Glendinning, Oxford.

Computer Programming has many stages as listed below: 1 - Analyzing and defining the problem to be solved. 2 - Designing the program. 3 - Coding. 4 - Testing 5 - Documentation. 6 -Training the users. 7 - Obtaining feedback from users.

Flowcharts Programmers sometimes used flowcharts when planning a program. Shapes of the flowchart are illustrated below. Q 1: Identify each of the following symbols: Start or Stop Input or Output Operation or Process Decision Connector

Q 2: Connect each problem in problem list with a possible solution in the opposite solution list: Problem List 1. Connect a computer to a telephone line. 2. Identify items for pricing. 3. Add extra facilities to a computer. 4. Get more file storage space. 5. Find syntax errors. 6. Avoid marking the surface of a CD -ROM. 7. Improve the speed of your computer. 8. Avoid system errors. 9. Prepare a new disk for use. 10. Transfer information between computers. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Solution List Write code to check a peripheral is present before any data sent. Use the debug command. Add more memory. Format the disk. Use a removal disk. Install an expansion card. Install a modem. Fit a bigger hard disk. Use barcode labels. Hold it by the edges.

Low Level System Q 5: Burn down, Give up, Come across, Keep up with, Come up, Pick up, Divide up, Put out, Find out, Take up. 1 - If the fire engine doesn’t arrive on time, the house will _____. 2 - I subscribe to magazine to ____ developments in programming. 3 - In programming you often ______ the coding among a team of programmers. 4 - If a site takes too long to download, people _______ and go to another site. 5 - In the Hardware class we ______ about things inside computers. 6 - People may _______ your website by chance when they are browsing the net. 7 - If you get the answer right. The fire engine _____ the fire. 8 - When you test a program. Different kinds of problem _______ 9 - Reading about new developments _______ a lot of Dawan’s free time. 10 - He tries to _____ a copy of Dr. Ali’s Journal when he can.

Low Level System Q 6: Look at the following diagram, then fill in the following rectangles with the following suitable words: Storage, Input, Output, Processor, ROM.

Conjunction Words • Word to Express on Similarity Word Meaning Example Equally The sum has been divided equally Likewise • Ahmed played Tennis and Raber did likewise. • They returned home. Likewise, I went home. Similarly Sardar has Studied in Dohok. Similarly, Ali has done that Correspondingly It has fewer problems and correspondingly requires less maintenance.

Conjunction Words • Word to Express on Summary Word Meaning Example In conclusion, the research is very fruitful. To conclude, three experiments have been run successfully. In brief, the journey is very amazing. To summarize, the surgery operation has given important results.

Conjunction Words • Word to Express on Contrast ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ Word Meaning Example Instead of going by a car, it is cheaper to go by bus. Conversely Ahmed has graduated at the university. Conversely, Ali has not. On the contrary She was no malice in her; on the contrary, he was very kind. In contrast The day began cold, in contrast to the almost two weeks of uninterrupted sunshine. In comparison The size of salon car is small in comparison with the trailer vehicle size.

Conjunction Words • Word to Express on Giving Example Word Meaning Example For example There are many types of cars. For example, BMW and GMC. For instance There are many types of cars. For instance, BMW and GMC. As follows The rate are as follows: Labtop with 500$, Printer 100$. Namely The person who knows C program namely a programmer. So called The company so called Aciacell is responsible for the telecommunication.

Conjunction Words Another and Other • An + Other = another. • Another for singular word. • Other for plural word. • Example : Which one is the wrong statement? . I don't like this one. Show me another thing. I don't like this one. Show me other things. I will read the others books.

Conjunction Words • Any and Some • ANY comes with question or negative statements, while SOME comes with affirmative statements only: • Examples: I want some eggs. Do you want any eggs? . I don’t want any eggs. • Because and because of : word to express on cause • Rule: • Because + statement (S. + V. + O. ). • Because of + noun. • Example: -We couldn't play tennis because of the rain. -We couldn’t play tennis because it was raining.

Conjunction Words • Each + singular word + statement. Each + of + plural word + statement. Example: Each one has to do his H. W. Each room has chairs. Each one of these rooms has chairs. / Each of these rooms have chairs. • Ever (at any time ) and Never ( No at all ) ﻛﻼ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ • Have you ever seen a snake in your life? . • No, I have never seen a snake in my life. • Still Present: S. + still + v. : he still lives in Sulaimanyia. Present Continuous: S. + be + still + V. ing. He is still waiting the train.

Question Q 1Fill in the blank either Although/ Even though or In spite of/ Despite. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. _______ it was cold, Marie didn't put on her coat. Clare did the work ____ being ill. ____ the weather was bad, we had a good time. ____ all our hard work, alot of things went wrong. ____ we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. 6. I went to work the next day ____ I was still feeling ill. Q 2 Fill in the blank either Because of : 1 - I went to hospital _______ I had a pain at my stomach. 2 - I couldn't get to sleep _____ the noise. 3 - He is tired _____ a lot of job. 4 - She had come late _______ the roads were so crowded.

Question Q 3Identify the wrong part of the underlined words of following statements. Then, correct every wrong one. 1 - There aren't any policemen in the street. 2 - Do you know some plumber? 3 - He needs to make any friends. 4 - Some Parts of computer are expensive.

Question Q 4Fill in the blanks the following conjunction words: likewise, equally, in conclusion, instead of, to summarize, in brief, correspondingly, in comparison , Conversely, so called. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The money has been divided ____. Sardar played Tennis well and Raber did ____. It has fewer problems and ____ requires less maintenance. ____, the research is very fruitful. The size of a salon car is small ____ with the trailer vehicle size. Ahmed has graduated at the university. _____ Ali has not. ____, the journey is very startling. ____, the surgery operation has given essential results. The company _____ Korek is responsible for the telecommunication. 10. ____ going by a car, he goes by bus.

Question Q 5Fill in the blanks the following conjunction words: For instance, Likewise , other , For example, To conclude, in contrast, as follows, still , namely , Similarly, on the contrary, never , other , ever. 1. The day began cold, _____to the almost two weeks of uninterrupted sunshine. 2. He is ____waiting you. 3. There are many types of cars. ____, Toyota and GMC. 4. The rates are ____: Labtop with 400$, Printer 100$. 5. The person who knows Java program ____a programmer. 6. They returned home. _______, I went home. 7. Sardar has Studied in Dohok. ____, Ali has done that 8. I understand this question. Please, explain for me another questions. ( False or True, if false correct it). 9. _____, three experiments have been run successfully. 10. Please, show me _____things, I don't like this one. 11. She was no malice in her; _____, he was very kind. 12. I will see the _____ Places. 13. Have you _______seen a snake in your life? . 14. There are many types of cars. _____, BMW and GMC. 15. No , I have _______ seen a snake in my life.