English Colonization of New England New England Colonies

English Colonization of New England

New England Colonies

A New Faith Ø Protestant Reformation Ø Formation of the Anglican Church Ø John Calvin l l People were born sinners – need for baptism Predestination Ø Both the Puritans and the Pilgrims are, theologically speaking, pretty much the same as followers of Calvin and his strict doctrine.

Pilgrims – Exodus from Europe Separatists Ø Holland doesn’t work Ø Council for New England – J-S Company l Pays for colonial enterprise for them to land in Northern Va. Ø

The Voyage 100 people – 65 days – across the N. Atlantic in November Ø Mayflower Compact Ø Landed at Cape Cod Ø

1 st Congregationalist Church Ø Formed in Plymouth in 1620 Ø Established throughout NE as colonies grow Ø No clerical hierarchy. Each church controlled worship (no bishops) l l Cambridge Platform Visible saints

First Contact Ø Landed in Pawtuxet village – constructed Plymouth Ø Meet the Wampanoag l l l Samoset Squanto Chief Massasoit – wanted an ally Ø Planting Crops (First Thanksgiving) Ø Wampum

Growth Ø Wm. Bradford – governor Ø By 1627, they are a free colony Ø Colony grows and more towns appear Ø How to handle success?

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) Est. a Charter - Boston Puritans l Members of Church of England l England is corrupt l Less ceremony, more Bible Ø 12 ships w/ 1200 people Ø Governor – John Winthrop l Winthrop called the colony a “City on the Hill” Ø Ø

Puritan Work Ethic Ø Worship & hard work were tenets of Puritanism Ø They reserved some time for leisure, but not much

New England Local Government Ø Town Councils l l l Church officials not allowed Must be church member - high ranking people were elected Vote: male member of the church in good standing Ø General Court – colonial legislature l Had a great deal of power for a colonial legislature

New England Population Ø Great Migration – 1630 s - 20, 000 people Ø Towns developed throughout New England Ø Towns allowed religion and education to take a central role Ø New Colonies formed like Conn, RI l Fundamental Orders of Conn.

New England Education Old Deluder Acts – grammar school in every town – Why? Ø New England Primer Ø

Economy in New England Ø Ø Subsistence farming (region imported food) Lumber, fur, naval stores, codfish, shipping, rum, whale products. Later shipping. Mass flourishes with trade. They are able to stabilize quickly as a self-governing community. What was the Puritan philosophy of business? l Did not want for wealth l Usury laws

Native Relations in New England Ø Got along at first Ø Indians were pagans/wild Ø Puritans leaders feared Indian life would appeal to some Puritans l To prevent this… • They cut down forests • Created farms • Built English looking structures Ø Some conversion attempts

Native American Tensions Ø N Englanders felt Indians underutilized the land. Ø Land transactions were often misunderstandings Ø Tensions from cutting down forests to farm, graze, build houses Ø Led to conflict

Pequot’s War Ø New Englanders tried to extend territory in Conn Ø The Pequots refused and the colonists declared war Ø The colonists got Native American help from Pequot enemies Ø Native American concept of war v. European

Religious Dissent Ø There was almost no tolerance for other religions and certainly not for religious dissent Ø Roger Williams Ø Anne Hutchinson

Salem Witch Trials -1692 Ø Girls in Salem, Mass demonstrate odd behavior – attributed to witchcraft Ø Tituba Ø Others accused Ø Normal judicial process was ignored Ø 20 executed