English Colonial Society Preview British colonials were such

English Colonial Society Preview: “British colonials were such a diverse, contentious lot that any hope of political union seemed utterly impractical…. Yet despite such disagreements, a majority of white colonials took pride in their English traditions and in membership in a powerful empire. ”

Demographics: Forces of Division u Immigration and Natural Increase • Enormous ethnic diversity • Tremendous birthrate: three times higher than today • Demographic changes resulted in shift in the balance of power between the colonies and England. • 1700 = less than 300, 000 people; • 2. 5 million by 1775

Population growth in the American colonies u u u 1625: 2, 500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 1700: 1725: 1750: 1775:

Population growth in the American colonies u u u 1625: 2, 500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50, 000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 1725: 1750: 1775:

Population growth in the American colonies u u u 1625: 2, 500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50, 000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250, 000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 1750: 1775:

Population growth in the American colonies u u u 1625: 2, 500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50, 000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250, 000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 600, 000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1750: 1775:

Population growth in the American colonies u u u 1625: 2, 500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50, 000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250, 000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 600, 000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1750: 1. 2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigration 1775:

Population growth in the American colonies u u u 1625: 2, 500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50, 000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250, 000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 600, 000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1750: 1. 2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigration 1775: 2. 5 million; 60% male; 80% white; under 50% English

New England the least ethnically mixed u Middle colonies most ethnically mixed u

Ethnic Groups Notecard 43

u The Settlement of the Backcountry • Backcountry society was very isolated u Social Conflict on the Frontier • 1763: Paxton boys (mostly Scots Irish) protest inadequate protection from Indians • 1771, Carolina Regulator Movement: Frustrated poor people from western North Carolina rebelled against the colonial government • Ethnic and class differences sparked tensions

Colonial Religion u u u Anglicans (Church of England) King of England was the head of the Church (his power came from God) Used Book of Common Prayer, yet maintained many Catholic practices Established (tax supported) in the South No American Bishops, loosely watched over by the Bishop of London, power predominately lodged in the hands of the local vestries Being a member carried a great degree of status in the colonies

Name of Denomination Number Chief Locale Congregationalists 575, 000 New England Anglicans 500, 000 Presbyterians 410, 000 N. Y. , South, especially in Virginia and Maryland Frontier German Churches (incl. Lutheran) 200, 000 Pennsylvania Dutch Reformed 75, 000 N. Y. , N. J. Quakers 40, 000 N. J. & Penn Baptists 25, 000 R. I. , N. J. , Del. Roman Catholics 25, 000 Maryland, Pennsylvania Methodists 5, 000 Scattered Jews 2, 000 N. Y. , R. I. Est. Total Membership 1, 857, 000 Est. Total Population 2, 493, 000 Percentage of Church Members 74%

Colonies Massachusetts (including Maine) Connecticut New Hampshire New York Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Rhode Island New Jersey Delaware Pennsylvania Established Churches Congregational (Puritans) Congregational Anglican Anglican none Year Disestablished 1833 1818 1819 1777 1786 1778 1777

Enlightenment and Awakening in America List of Franklin Inventions • Bifocals • Electricity Properties. Kite Experiment The Enlightenment in America • Battery terms: + • Lightning Rod • Ben Franklin and many colonial • Franklin Stove leaders were devotees of the • Mapping the Gulf Stream • Swim Fins Enlightenment ideal of human • Glass Harmonica reason • Flexible Urinary Catheter • Movement of “rational Christianity” • Odometer • A long arm extension to – Christian beliefs must be remove books from high reasonable shelves • Poor Richard’s Almanack • Important thinkers: John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Adam Smith • Deism (God as the watch maker) • Many ministers grew concerned over the growth of rationalism He founded and co-founded: America's first circulating library, America's first volunteer fire department America's first learned society America's first liberal arts academy, University of Pennsylvania, America's first public hospital, America's first mutual insurance company … What did you do today?

u The First Great Awakening • Evangelical reaction to rationalism • Emotional message appealed to all classes and ethnicities • George Whitfield and Jonathan Edwards most famous preachers George Whitefield was an early leader of the Methodist movement in England, but he split from it over theological differences

Read Jonathon Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” on pages rd 71 3 paragraph, “That God holds you over a pit of hell” (starts page 71)

Pages 62 -63, Q 1 -3 u Colonial Religion handout

u The Aftermath of the Great Awakening • Movement deepened divide between religious factions, “Old Lights” vs. “New Lights” • Growth of Baptist and Presbyterian churches • New colleges founded, Columbia, Brown, Dartmouth, Princeton (Ivy League Schools) • Democratizing Effect, lead to the Revolution?

Name of University Original Name Location (if different) Opened or Founded Denomination Harvard Cambridge, Massachusetts 1636 Congregational (Puritan) William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia 1693 Anglican Yale New Haven, Connecticut 1701 Congregational (Puritan) Princeton College of New Princeton, New 1746 Jersey Presbyterian Pennsylvania The Academy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nonsectarian Columbia King’s College New York, New 1754 York Anglican Brown Rhode Island College Providence, Rhode Island 1764 Baptist Rutgers Queen’s College New Brunswick, New Jersey Hanover, New Hampshire 1766 Dutch Reformed 1769 Congregational (Puritan) Dartmouth (began as an Indian missionary school) 1751

Colonial Economics Eighteenth-Century Seaports • All major colonial cities were seaports u Philadelphia, New York, Boston, & Charleston • Dominated by merchants and artisans

u The Imperial System before 1760 • English government’s policy of salutary (benign neglect): indifference toward American colonies • Economically, the Mercantilist system was supposed to dominate the colonies, yet this idea was hardly enforced in any of its forms, including the Navigation Acts

Navigation Acts (1660's) I’m bloody filthy rich! furniture lumber iron tools textiles cotton 1) Most products could be sold only to England. Ex. ) sugar, tobacco, indigo

2) All products going to the colonies had to first go through England where the products were taxed. spices tea spices

Triangle Trade

England st In dies sla ves guns We , tex c a b o t tiles e c i r co, es ni Co lo Am er ica n . o g i d , in . Africa

England . Am er sugar, molasses ica n Co lo ni es . We ru m, iro n Africa st In dies slav es

England tob st In dies slav , tex ru m, iro n sla ves guns We sugar, molasses Am er ica n . i r , o acc . tiles Co lo ni es . o ig d n i ce, es Africa

Navigation Acts, pg. 25 u Positives: u Negatives:

u u u u Positives: u Allowed Britain and the colonies to build up their u own merchant marines Protected English manufacturers from foreign u trade Ships had to be ¾ British (colonist counted) Colonial urbanization- Phil, NYC u Colonial ship building expanded Did not affect 60% of colonial exports (rum, grain, & lumber were okay) Gave colonist a monopoly on British markets for many enumerated goods (cash crops) Refunded much of the duties on re-exported u items Led to economic diversification Colonist could smuggle around laws (Salutary Neglect) Created some industries for colonies because of bounties and tariffs, like lumber Could still make some goods on a small scale Could manufacture iron Negatives: Limited free trad Cut out Dutch traders that sold goods cheaper Enumerated goods had to pass through England be taxed Banned largescale manufacturing

New England Colonies Farming was difficult in New England because of: • long winters • thick forests • rocky soil * Fishing and trade became major industries in New England.

Middle Colonies • New York was first settled by the Dutch, then the English. • Pennsylvania was originally a Quaker settlement. • In time, Pennsylvania was settled by German-speaking Protestants known as the Pennsylvania Dutch. • Farmers exported grain such as wheat, barley, and rye. • Therefore, the Middle Colonies became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.

Southern Colonies • The South has rich soil and a warm climate. • Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown on plantations. (Cash crops) • Planters, or plantation owners, relied on slave labor to accumulate massive wealth.

Government structure of Colonies by 1775 1. Royal Colonies: 8 col. had 2. Lower house, or royal governors appointed by the crown. 2. Proprietary Colonies: 3 col. led by proprietors who chose governors -- Mary. , Penn. , and Del. 3. Charter Colonies: Conn. & R. I. elected own governors under self-gov. charters. u Bicameral legislature most common 1. Upper house, or Council -- normally appointed by the crown or proprietor u u 2. Lower house, or Assembly -- elected by property owners Voted for taxes to pay expenses in the Colonial gov. New England -townhall meetings Voting restrictions a. Property and/or religious qualifications were imposed

Lord Cornbury: New York Royal Governor from 1702 - 1708

New England Confederation created to deal with the War

Dominion of New England (1686) u u Purpose: Enforce Navigation laws created to protect mercantilist system James II appointed Sir Edmund Andros to lead the Dominion of New England (DNE), took away most all colonists’ rights Triggered the "First American Revolution” England's "Glorious Revolution" • Catholic James II dethroned in England replaced by Protestant William & Mary • Revoked the Dominion of New England • Established Great Britain as a limited constitutional monarchy • Parliament and the Prime Minister (the head of government) became dominant over the monarchy (head of state)

Essay 4 u Notecards 18, 19, 20 u Compare and contrast the colonies of TWO of the following European empires in North America before 1763. u • British • French • Spanish

French vs. Spanish vs. English

Spanish Settlement u u c. St. Augustine fortress erected (1565): oldest European settlement in U. S. -- Purpose: keep French out of Spanish southeast territory & protect sea lanes in the Caribbean. d. New Mexico founded in 1609, Santa Fe became capital. i. Mission system established in 17 th century ii. Pueblo Revolt (1680): Amerindians, led by Pope, rebelled against Spanish rule; eventually subdued

u u e. Texas: 1716, mission system established in Texas (including San Antonio-- later the Alamo f. California • i. Spain concerned about Britain & Russia in N. America after 1763 • ii. Father Junipero Serra founded first mission in San Diego in 1769. -- 20 missions followed (Franciscan friars); 4 presidios

Government Structure

France in North America A. French exploration 1. Giovanni da Verrazano, 1524: sailed American coast from Carolina to Maine. -- Probably the first European to see New York harbor. 2. Jacques Cartier explored up the St. Lawrence River in 1530 s. 3. In response, Spain erected fort St. Augustine, Florida, (1565) to keep French out of North American interior & Caribbean. 4. Samuel de Champlain “father of New France” established Quebec in 1608 (a year after the English founded Jamestown in Virginia)

French vs. Spanish vs. English

B. Of the European powers, the French were the most successful in creating an effective trading relationship with the Indians. 1. English settlers sought to remove or exterminate Amerindians 2. Spanish sought to Christianize Indians and use them forced labor. -- Utilized the encomienda system (forced labor in towns), hacienda system (forced labor farming), and later, the mission system (forced conversion). The French became great gift givers (the key to getting on with Amerindians who based inter-tribal relationships on gift giving) during late 17 th century. i. Trade not seen as a transaction or contract (like in Europe). ii. Trade seen by Indians as a continuing process. iii. When a group stopped trading w/ another, it was tantamount to declaring war.

C. The beaver trade led to exploration of much of North America; (heavy demand for fur in European fashion) 1. Coureurs de bois (“runners of the woods”) – Rough frontiersmen who sought to tap the lucrative fur trade. 2. French seamen - voyageurs -- recruited Indians into the fur trade D. Jesuits: Catholic Missionaries who sought to convert Indians and save them from the fur trappers. 1. Some were brutally killed by Indians (although in the eyes of Indians, Jesuits held up best to torture and were thus more respected than other European groups). 2. Played a vital role as explorers and geographers.

E. Other explorers 1. Antoine Cadillac -- founded Detroit in 1701 -- Aimed to keep English settlers out of the Ohio Valley 2. Robert de La Salle -- Sailed from Quebec, down through the Great Lakes, and down the Mississippi River in 1682 with the help of Indian guides. a. Goal: prevent Spanish expansion into Gulf of Mexico region b. Coined the name "Louisiana" in honor of Louis XIV 3. French establish posts in the Mississippi region (New Orleans most important— 1718) a. Attempt to block Spanish expansion into the Gulf of Mexico. b. Forts and trading posts in Illinois country: Kaskaskia, Cahokia, & Vincennes -- Large amounts of grain sent down the Mississippi River for shipment to the West Indies and Europe.

Saint-Domingue (Haiti) French colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1804 u Importance of sugar, African slavery u Richest colony u

The Royal Government in New France, 1663 u Originally ran by a joint stock company, The Charter of the Company of 100 Associates (1627 -1663) • • u Intendant • u u u in charge of the church which in turn was responsible for the spiritual and social needs of the colony through its church, its schools, charities, hospitals and for the conversion of the Natives. The Sovereign Council • u represented the king in the colony. He was responsible for the defense of New France and for relations with the English and the Indians. Bishop • u Responsible for the daily economic affairs of the colony, trade, justice, finance, and settlement Governor • u Champlain 1 st Governor of Quebec Charter cancelled because it had defaulted on its promise to transport thousands of settlers to New France Consisted of a dozen officials including the governor, intendant and bishop. It acted as a legislative, administrative and judicial body and it was the sole governing authority in the colony responsible to the king. Captains of Militia: The Captains of the Militia reported to the Intendant about the concerns of the habitants and informed the habitants of the Intendant's plans. More centralized government structure than the English colonies (less selfgovernment), no representative assemblies

Impact of French (and British) on eastern woodlands Indians: decimation by diseases, gun warfare & alcoholism. Contributions of Mother Countries to North America 1. England: Democratic forms of local government; tradition of hard-working, zealous individuals, English language 2. France: Language, culture, and religion introduced to Canada and Louisiana and to many Amerindians west of Appalachians; large-scale trade with Amerindians 3. Spain: Schools, hospitals, and printing presses established by missionaries; Spanish language in the Southwest; teaching of Christianity and handicrafts to Amerindians.

League of Iroquois u u Located in modern day upstate New York, between New France and New Netherlands Confederation of 5 tribes: Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and the Mohawk One of few Indian groups to prosper and become more prosperous with contact with Europeans, especially in the fur trade, often played European powers France and Britain against each other. Major powers in the French and Indian War and the American Revolution courted their alliance

Summary of relations between the three major colonial powers in America and the Amerindians Spain sought to Christianize and control the Indians (through the encomienda, hacienda and mission systems) u The French sought to establish strong trade relations with the Native Americans; Jesuits sought to convert them. u English settlers often sought to either move Indians westward or annihilate them u

Read pages 82 -85 u Compare and contrast the colonies of TWO of the following European empires in North America before 1763. • British • French • Spanish

Climb the ladder answer 1. 2. 3. 4. Belief in religious freedom was central to the development of the Northern colonies of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, while primarily economic motives drove the interests of the Southern colonies of Virginia and South Carolina The Puritans goal was to build a religious utopian society and were initially successful at this venture in Massachusetts Bay, but faded over time because of their religious intolerance. The British policy of salutary neglect primarily allowed for self-government to develop in the colonies, while letting a significant degree of freedom of religion, and a small degree of free trade to grow. The British and Spanish empires were similar in their mercantilist economic outlooks, while strongly divergent in their treatment of Native Americans and their degree of centralization of government

Debate Question. Was economics or religion the driving force behind British settlement of North America? u You decide: Write your name on the post it note and a number 1 -9 1 Economics 5 Both 9 Religion

Essay 2 u Compare and contrast settlement in colonial New England compared to Virginia from 1607 to 1754

Map Activity u u u Chesapeake Bay u u Label and date all 13 colonies Draw borders around the dividing line between the Southern, Middle, & New England Colonies Label the port cities of Philadelphia, New York, Boston, & Charleston Label the Appalachian Mountains Circle the 2 Chesapeake Colonies and label the Chesapeake Bay

13 Colonies KEY New England Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Southern Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

New England Colonies Farming was difficult in New England because of: • long winters • thick forests • rocky soil * Fishing and trade became major industries in New England.

Middle Colonies • New York was first settled by the Dutch, then the English. • Pennsylvania was originally a Quaker settlement. • In time, Pennsylvania was settled by German-speaking Protestants known as the Pennsylvania Dutch. • Farmers exported grain such as wheat, barley, and rye. • Therefore, the Middle Colonies became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.

Southern Colonies • The South has rich soil and a warm climate. • Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown on plantations. • Planters, or plantation owners, relied on slave labor to accumulate massive wealth.

1. “Belief in religious freedom was central to the development of some colonies, while in other colonies economic interests dictated development. ” u -Assess the validity of this statement. u

2. Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North America than did religious concerns. ” u -Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to economic and religious concerns. u

u u Religion • NE- Puritans, City Upon a Hill, Roger Williams- RI, yet trade Boston & shipping • Penn- Quakers, holy experiment, yet trade Philadelphia & bread basket • Maryland- Catholic haven, proprietary colony, yet tobacco farming Economics • Virginia- Joint-Stock Company, make money, tobacco, Rolfe, plantations, slavery (Anglican) • Carolinas- Cash crops- rice & indigo, slavery imported from Barbados, Charleston port city (Anglican) • NY- Trade, NYC, Dutch West India company, fur trade (Anglican) • Georgia – Oglethorpe, debtors haven, buffer for SC, failed utopia (Anglican)

u 3. In the seventeenth century, New England Puritans tried to create a model society. What were their aspirations, and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century?

4. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1750) in TWO of the following regions: New England u. Chesapeake u. Middle Atlantic u

New England u u Colonies: MBC, Plymouth, Conn, New Haven, New Hampshire, RI Religion- Puritans (Congregationalists), Separatists(Pilgrims), a few outsiders like Quakers and Baptists Ideas- Predestination- the elect, Work Ethic, reform the church, intolerance, Social Covenant, Utopia- City Upon a Hill Development: • Gov- Theocracy, Church membership to vote • Settlement Pattern • Economy- Trade- Boston, small farms, little slavery, egalitarian • Education- Train people to be literate in the Bible, or universities like Harvard to train ministers • Intolerance (b/c Utopia-perfect society)- RI Roger Williams, Salem, Anne Hutchinson, Quakers, treatment of Native Americans, Pequot War-Mystic River Massacre, King Phillip’s War, Ethnicity- homogeneous, English • Demographics- Great Migration, settle as families, in towns to watch each other

Chesapeake Colonies: Maryland & Virginia (Jamestown) • Religions: Catholics in Maryland, Church of England (Anglicans) came to dominate, state (tax) supported churches • Development • Economy: slavery, Cash Crops society • Gov-House of Burgess- Land to vote, Salutary Neglect • Little public Education- William and Mary to train Anglican ministers • Demographics- mostly males in the beginning, plantation settlements patterns • Maryland- Started out as a Catholic refuge-Lord Baltimore, but overrun by Anglicans- Religious Toleration Act-1649 •

Middle Atlantic u • Penn, NY, NJ, Delaware Religions • Dutch Reformed Church- Protestants-Patroonships • Quakers- Penn-Utopia “Holy Experiment”- Proprietary Colony u Inner Light, no taxes for church, pacifists, no titles, Penn and Fox, dislike of authority and official church structure • Development u Tolerant: Open, liberal, attracts people, ethnic diversity- Germans, English, Scotts-Irish. marketed u Negotiated with Indians, more humane treatment in Penn u Overrun by outsiders, took over u Economy: Trade NYC, Philadelphia, grain export, little slavery in the beginning

u 5. For the period before 1754, analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society as illustrated in the following, • Legislative Assemblies • Commerce • Religion

u Salutary Neglect: England does not closely watch over the colonies or enforce rules u Legislative Assemblies (practiced self-gov) • • • u In every colony, like the House of Burgess Tied to the citizens, suffrage based on land ownership Power of the purse, raise taxes, spend, raise a militia Town Halls in NE Royal governors Commerce (Exercised some degree of free trade) • • Mercantilism: Navigation Acts Triangle Trade, Slave trade, middle passage Cash crops Smuggling

u Religion (Freedom in area to practice religion separate from the Church of England, led to variety & diversity) • Anglicans, no Bishops in colonies, Little direct control from the King • Protestants: Puritans, NE, purify, Separatists & Plymouth, Quakers, & Penn, Presbyterian & Scots-Irish, Baptists & RI • Catholics, Maryland haven, overrun by Protestants, Toleration Act 1649 • Religious freedom in Penn & RI • Established Churches • Great Awakening

6. Compare the ways in which TWO of the following reflected tensions in colonial society: u Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) u Pueblo Revolt (1680) u Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692) u Stono Rebellion (1739). u

u 7. How did economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775?

u 8. Compare and contrast the colonies of TWO of the following groups in North America before 1763. • British • French • Spanish

Economics u Spanish u French u English Government u Spanish u French u English

Geography u Spanish u French u English Religion u Spanish u French u English

Native Americans u Spanish u French u English

3) All ships used in trade had to be built in either England or the colonies. Mercantilism – An economic system based on the idea that a nation could increase its wealth by importing raw materials from, and export finished goods to, its colonies. Video: The Navigation Acts & the Glorious Revolution 0: 05: 24

Videos: The Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage The Triangular Trade – Summary (1: 58) Roots : rebellion amongst the slave ship Lord Ligonier by Kunta Kinte (5: 39) Middle Passage - from Amistad (edited - 3: 34) Slave Trade Documentary (2008) - American descendants of slave traders trace their ancestry and explore the issue of race. (5: 09)

In what ways did the French and Indian War alter the political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonists? Confine your answer from 1740 to 1766.

Evaluate the relative importance of TWO of the following as factors prompting Americans to rebel in 1776: -Parliamentary taxation -Restriction of civil liberties -British military measures -The legacy of colonial religious and political ideas

To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer be sure to address TWO of the following as factors from 1775 to 1800: -political -social -economic

“The American Revolution brought about a social revolution in America from 1775 -1800” -Assess the validity of this statement

Analyze the degree to which the Articles of Confederation provided an effective form of government with respect to any two of the following: -Foreign relations -Economic conditions -Western Lands

“The Constitution did not come from a desire to protect the liberties won in the American Revolution, but rather to protect the financial interests of the framers. ” -Assess the validity of this statement.

To what extent was the US Constitution a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation?

Declaration of Independence 4 th of July, 1776 u Thomas Jefferson u Life, Liberty, & the pursuit of happiness u All men are created equal u 2 nd Continental Congress u Blames the King u Not a system of laws u 1 st draft blamed the king for the slave trade u

Articles of Confederation, 17761789 Northwest Ordinance u Banned slavery in the Northwest Territory u Unicameral legislature u No President or federal courts u Guided the nation through the Revolutionary War u Shays’ Rebellion u State centered, these united states u

Ethnic Groups

Constitution, 1789 starts u u u u We the people of the United States Philadelphia Convention, 1787 James Madison Beard Thesis President, Bicameral House and Senate, Federal Courts 3/5 clause, abolished slave trade, yet protects slavery and returns fugitive slaves Whiskey Rebellion Bill of Rights • Right to bear arms, jury trial, I plead the 5 th, freedom of press, assembly, and religion

u 5. For the period before 1750, analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society as illustrated in TWO of the following, • Legislative Assemblies • Commerce • Religion

4. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1750) in TWO of the following regions: New England u. Chesapeake u. Middle Atlantic u