English Business 2 Lecture 1 Dea Adlina Review
English Business 2 Lecture 1 Dea Adlina
Review SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT & MODIFIER
Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier • Subject: a person or a noun or an adjective that is being discussed, described, or dealt with. • Verb: a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence. • Complement: a word, phrase or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression • Modifier: an optional element in phrase or clause structure used to modify (change the meaning of) another element in the structure, on which it is dependent.
Subject Noun (phrase) or pronoun The tiny cat jumped outside our house. A gerund (phrase) Her excessive bragging was annoying. A to-infinitive (phrase) To sing is easier than to act. A full that-clause That he had won the war was known to everyone. A free relative clause Wherever he went was always a disaster. A direct quotation I love you is often heard these days. Zero (but implied) subject Open the door! An expletive it It is raining. A cataphor it It was known by everyone that he had won the war.
Examples 1. Tress grow Subject 2. She Verb opened her book Verb Complement Subject 3. Henry and Marcia Subject 4. George Subject 5. have visited the president Verb Phrase Complement is cooking dinner tonight Verb Phrase Complement Modifier of Time She opened Subject Verb a checking account Complement at the bank last week Modifier of Place Modifier of Time
Review Verb Phrases TWO WORD VERBS
Two word verbs Phrasal verbs • A verb and a preposition wivh together have a special meaning. – It is especially common in informal English • Separable phrasal verbs ØI handed in my paper yesterday. ØI handed it in yesterday. • Nonseparable phrasal verbs ØI ran into an old friend yesterday.
Two word verbs Phrasal verbs Meaning 1. 2. 3. 4. Put off Drop by Look up Turn down 5. Take over 6. Hang up Postpone Visit informally Look for information Decrease volume or intensity OR Reject OR Refuse 5. Take control 6. Conclude a telephone conversation and many more
Review Tenses PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
Present
Present Subject + V 1 Subject + Auxiliary Verb + V-ing
Present Subject + have + V 3 (Past Participle Form) Subject + have been + V-ing
Past
Past Subject + V 2 Subject + was/were + V-ing
Past Subject + had + V 3 (Past Participle Form) Subject + had been + V-ing
Future
Future Subject + will / be going to + V 1 Subject + will / (aux) going to + be + V-ing
Future Subject + will have + V 3 Subject + will have been + V-ing
Will or be going to? Prediction • According to the weather report, it will be / is going to be cloudy tomorrow. • Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself! • Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself! Prior plan A: Why did you buy this paint? B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He’s going to buy a car. That’s what he told me. Willingness A: The phone’s ringing. B: I’ll get it A: I don’t understand this problem. B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you.
End of Lecture 1
English Business 2 Lecture 2 Dea Adlina
Review ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adjectives • • Used to modify/describe nouns. Miriam is an intelligent student. The children saw some beautiful pictures. Grandma loves her fat old cat. • An adjective is neither singular nor plural. ØFinal –s is never added.
Adjectives • Number is an adjective – She has two cars. – This is a five-star hotel. – Claude won the one-billion-dollar lottery.
Adverbs • Used to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or the whole sentence and to express time or frequency. • To modify verbs: – He walks quickly. – She opened the door quietly.
Adverbs • To modify adjectives: – I am very happy. – She is quite elegant. Adverbs of manner • To modify other adverbs – The soccer team played extremely badly last weekend.
Adverbs • To modify the whole sentence – Usually, Tom is never late. – Bridgett is always on time. – Ann will come tomorrow. – Let’s go outside Adverbs of place Adverbs of frequency Adverbs of time
Adverbs • commonly have a form of adjective + ly adjective adverb dangerously carefully nicely horrible horribly easily electronically • Some do not adjective adverb good well fast hard
Soft skill uploads Commonly misused words • Than, Then: – Than is used to compare; – Then tells when; • That pizza is more than I can eat. • Tom laughed, and then we recognized him.
Soft skill uploads Confusingly Related Words • Emigrate from, Immigrate to: – Emigrate means to leave one country or region to settle in another. – Immigrate means to enter another country and reside there. • In 1900, my grandfather emigrated from Russia. • Many Mexicans immigrate to the U. S. to find work.
End of Lecture 2
- Slides: 31