English accents 5 Statistical analysis variables linguistic e
English accents 5. Statistical analysis
variables: - linguistic e. g. phonological, syntactic, lexical - non-linguistic e. g. class, sex, age, region, ethnicity, style Can we show associations between linguistic and non-linguistic variables? e. g. between h-dropping and lower social class
(h) = h-dropping (h)-0 = zero, no [h] (h)-1 = [h] variable variants in London schoolchildren, 1977: percentage (h)-0 boys girls middle class 14 6 working class 81 18
(-ng) variable (ng)-0 [ŋ] (ng)-1 [n] variants Norwich, formal style, percentage [n] men women middle class 4 0 lower middle class 27 3 upper working class 81 68 middle working class 91 81 lower working class 100 97
(-ng) (ng)-0 [ŋ] (ng)-1 [n] Norwich, percentage [n] word list reading passage formal convers. casual convers. middle 0 0 3 28 lower middle 0 10 15 42 upper working 5 15 74 87 middle working 23 44 88 95 lower working 29 66 98 100
(ur) in NYC environment: _C only variants: [ɜɪ], [ɝ] Labov 1966 percentage of [ɜɪ] age 8 -19 4 20 -39 24 40 -49 33 50 -59 59 60+ 100
(ou) in Milton Keynes (ou)-0, 1 (ou)-2 (ou)-3 4 y. o. 56 30 14 8 y. o. 33 54 13 12 y. o. 28 69 3 GOAT words (ou)-0 [o: , o. U] (ou)-1 [6 U, 6 Uã] (ou)-2 [{ÞY] (ou)-3 [{I] care takers 60 37 4 =100% NB effects of round ing
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