ENGLISH 1 ST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE LEVEL 2 MODULE

ENGLISH 1 ST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE LEVEL 2 MODULE 3 LISTEN FOR INFORMATION OUTLINE: q THE LISTENING PROCESS q TAKING NOTES q MIND MAPS q TIMELINES q VERBS q QUESTIONS

OVERVIEW • LISTENING IS PART OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS • WHEN YOU LISTEN FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES, YOU MUST: * understand that listening is a process * take notes precisely so that you can be able to respond to questions and for you to learn * use feedback to advance your future listening performance.

THE LISTENING PROCESS Introduction We use our EARS in order for us to listen: Eliminate distractions and barriers. Attention: pay careful attention to detail. Record: take notes and Remember: all that you hear. S ummarize what you hear, shorten the information, extracting only the main ideas. use symbols, abbreviations and acronyms to help you.

THIS PROCESS CONSITS OF: q PRE-LISTENING Ø HELPS YOU PREPARE FOR WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO HEAR AND GIVES YOU A GREATER CHANCE OF SUCCESS IN ANY GIVEN TASK. q DURING LISTENING Ø THE ACTUAL MOMENT OF LISTENING, WHILE YOU ARE LISTENING. q POST LISTENING Ø AFTER LISTENING, A FOLLOW UP REFLECTION ON WHAT YOU WERE LISTENING OR REFLECTING TO YOUR LISTENING PROCESS. q FEEDBACK Ø THE RESPONSE OR REACTION YOU GIVE BACK AFTER LISTENING AND HEARING WHAT WAS SAID TO YOU

TAKING NOTES THIS IS THE NOTE-TAKING SKILLS: q AN IMPORTANT SKILL FOR LIFE-LONG LEARNING AND WORKING. q ILLUSTRATES THE ABILITY TO LISTEN ATTENTIVELY, AND TO BE ABLE TO EXTRACT AND RECORD MAIN IDEAS. USEFUL FORMATS OR METHODS Ø ONE CAN ORGANISE INFORMATION USING A TREE DIAGRAM, THE MAIN IDEA OR TOPIC FORMS THE TRUNK AND SUPPORTING IDEAS FORM THE BRANCHES OF THE TREE. Ø ALSO A FLOW-CHART IS ANOTHER WAY OF ORGANISING INFORMATION, IT CAN BE USED TO REPRESENT A WORKFLOW OR A PROCESS. (SEE PAGE 29 -34)

MIND MAPS Ø MIND-MAP – A DIAGRAM USED TO VISUALLY ORGANISE INFORMATION. q. A MIND MAP CAN ALSO BE USED AS A NOTE TAKING TOOL, USING KEY WORDS, TO REVEAL THE TOPIC OF WHAT YOU LISTENED TO, THE MOST IMPORTANT IDEAS AND ALSO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IF NECESSARY. q. IT CAN BE USED FOR FURTHER MORE THAN JUST TAKING DOWN NOTES. q. YOU CAN USE IT FOR PREPARATION, STUDYING OR TO SOLVE A PARTICUALAR PROBLEM.

MIND MAP

TIMELINES • A TIMELINE IS A DISPLAY OF A LIST OF EVENTS IN A CHRONOLIGAL ORDER, PARTICULARLY A DESING SHOWHING A LONG BAR LABELLED WITH EVENTS AND THEIR DATES. • USED TO RECORD EVENTS THAT TOOK PLACE DURING A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME. • IF THE INFORMATION HAS TO DO WITH EVENS AND DATES, A TIME-LINE IS USEFUL TOOL TO ILLUSTRATE THESE PARTICULAR NOTES.

TAKING NOTES

What is a verb? ØA verb is a “doing” or an “’ACTION” word. ØIt is a part of speech in a sentence that shows action. 1. Verbs show time through tenses 2. The three tenses: q. Present – today (verb) q. Past – yesterday (verb + ed) q. Future – tomorrow (will or shall + verb)

INFINITE & FINITE VERBS • INFINITE VERB – BASICALLY THIS IS A TYPE OF VERB WITH THE WORD “TO” IN FRONT OF IT. Ø WHEN A VERB IS LED BY A ‘TO’. Ø IT CANNOT STAND ALONE AND SHOULD NOT BE SPLIT. e. g. to have, to be, to hold, to sleep, to dream etc. • FINITE VERB – A FORM OF A VERB THAT CAN FUNCTION AS A ROOT OF AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE, AND CAN STAND ALONE AS A COMPLETE SENTENCE. • IT CAN STAND ON ITS OWN AND IT DOES NOT NEED A HELPING VERB. Ø THIS VERB MUST HAVE A SUBJECT, NUMBER (singular or plural) AND A TENSE. Ø TOGETHER WITH THE SUBJECT, IT MAKES A COMPLETE SENTENCE. e. g. she plays / they argue. Ø IT INDICATES NUMBER. e. g. the boy plays soccer (1) / the boys play soccer (2 or more). Ø MUST HAVE A TENSE. e. g. today I play, yesterday I played, tomorrow I will/shall play. SEE PAGE 35 -.

QUESTIONS • ASKING QUSTIONS • CAN YOU ASK QUESTIONS? THERE ARE DIFFERENT FORMS ON HOW TO ASK QUESTIONS 1. BEGIN THE QUESTION WITH THE DOING WORD (VERB) OF THE SENTENCE. Ø DO. . ? 2. COMMENCE WITH A QUESTION WORD. Ø WHO? 3. ADD A QUESTION TAG AT THE END OF A SENTENCE. Ø ? (question mark)

EXAMPLE: SENTENCE - The engineer designs bridges. QUESTIONS: • QUESTION WORD: WHO DESIGNS BRIDGES? WHAT DOES SHE DESIGN? • START WITH AUXILIARY VERB: DOES THE ENGINEER DESIGN BRIDGES? • ADD A QUESTION TAG: THE ENGINEER DESIGNS BRIDGES, DOESN’T SHE?

THE END!