Engineering Surveying Civil Engineering Architecture Unit 4 Site

Engineering Surveying Civil Engineering & Architecture Unit 4 Site Planning

Civil Projects

Leveling Rods Philadelphia Rod Telescoping Leveling Rods

Reading the Rod 3. 09 feet 2. 90 feet 2. 84 feet

Reading the Rod Your Turn 4. 68 feet 4. 49 feet 4. 26 feet

Instruments Auto Level Transit Total Station

Tripod

Auto Level

Set up and Stabilize Tripod

Attach Instrument to Tripod

Leveling the Instrument

Sighting the Instrument

Stadia and Crosshairs Top Stadia Bottom Stadia

Surveyor’s Field Notes

Taking Readings Have Assistant hold the rod vertically Top Stadia Focus the Eyepiece Stadia over the Rod Markings Bottom Stadia Take readings at the Top and the Bottom Stadias and the Crosshair. Record data in Surveyor’s Field Book

Terms 1 Benchmark (BM): a permanent, marked point of known elevation Temporary Benchmark (TBM): a semipermanent point of established elevation used on the specific job Point of Reference (POR): Either the benchmark or the Temporary Benchmark chosen for this job

Terms 2 Turning Point (TP): A point temporarily used to transfer an elevation Backsight (BS): A rod reading taken on a point of elevation (POR) in order to establish the height of the instrument Height of Instrument (HI): The elevation of the line of sight through the level

Terms 3 Foresight (FS): A rod reading taken from a turning point, or a point of reference to an identified point to establish elevation

Approximating Angles

Record Keeping

Data Record

Calculating Elevations Mathematical Relationships for Elevation: HI = BS + Elevation at POR Elevation TP 1 = HI - FS

Calculating Elevations

ONLY AN APPROXIMATION! Horizontal Distance Using Stadia Horizontal distance = (Top Stadia – Bottom Stadia) x Stadia Ratio Distance from POR to TP = (8. 50 -7. 92) x 100 = 58 ft Distance from TP to TP 1 = (10. 77 -10. 13)x 100 = 64 ft