ENGG 1003 Sustainable Engineering Practice Tutorial 3 Individual

ENGG 1003 Sustainable Engineering Practice Tutorial 3 Individual Report and Sourcing Information Tutor and Librarian

Week 4 Tutorial 3 Outline • Individual Report – Where do I start? – Download the Report Requirements – Download the Report Template – Download the Example Report – Check the suggested resource links to help you start your research • Individual Report –What do I write about? • Library Workshop – Sourcing Information – Introduction to Endnote • Report Structure

Where to find requirements for Assessment 1 – Individual Report • • • Go to the online resources – Assessment 1 Download the Report Requirements Download the Template Download the Example Report Resources to help you prepare your individual report (ie. Harvard Referencing Guide, Report Writing Style Guide etc. ) • References – use the suggested references on the course website and in the report requirements to start your research – you are also expected to find your own references (Library workshop will help you with this)

What do I write about? Use your readings, research and forum discussion posts to develop and write an Individual Report of up to 1500 words. Your report must include your responses to the following: • What have you learnt about Indigenous community protocols and communications styles? • How could inclusive behaviour, cultural awareness and knowledge influence the way you communicate and work effectively within an engineering team? • How could culture and diversity affect any engineering solutions you develop for/with local indigenous communities in Australia and the location of the Major EWB Project? Include reference to appropriate engineering solutions in your response to this. • Why it is important that the decisions and recommendations you make in the Major EWB Project and also as a professional engineer clearly uphold the Institute of Engineers Australia Code of Ethics?

Issue 1: What have you learnt about Indigenous community protocols and communications styles? HINT: Demonstrate an understanding that cultural awareness is important and communication styles vary. Cultural awareness will help you when communicating in your teams, with your client and will help you develop culturally appropriate solutions. When communicating with a community/client (no matter where they are located e. g. Australia, Timor Leste, Vanuatu etc. ) it is important to know who to talk to (the community’s decision makers) and show respect for the community you are working with. Week 5 lecture will help you respond to this. Suggestion: You can discuss this in your report under the heading “Culture and Communication issues”

Issue 2: How could inclusive behaviour, cultural awareness and knowledge influence the way you communicate and work effectively within an engineering team? HINT: Diversity can provide many perspectives on solving a problem. By creating a respectful and inclusive team environment you empower people to share their perspectives. Suggestion: You can discuss this in your report under the heading “Inclusive Teamwork and Communication”

Issue 3: How could culture and diversity affect any engineering solutions you develop for/with local indigenous communities in Australia and the location of the Major EWB Project? Include reference to appropriate engineering solutions in your response to this. • HINT: For engineers to develop appropriate engineering solutions for a community they must understand the community, their needs, how they live, their culture, their location etc. By understanding the community (empathising with the community), Engineers can develop solutions that are appropriate and will be used. One solution is not appropriate for all. Suggestion: You can discuss this in your report under the heading “Appropriate Engineering Solutions”

Issue 4: Why it is important that the decisions and recommendations you make in the Major EWB Project and also as a professional engineer clearly uphold the Institute of Engineers Australia Code of Ethics? HINT: Read the Engineers Australia Code of Ethics (link available via the course Learn. Online site) eg. Important for Engineers to be honest and trustworthy, respect the dignity of all persons, engage responsibly with the community, balance the needs of the present with the needs of future generations Suggestion: You can discuss this in your report under the heading “Importance of Engineering Ethics”

Library Workshop • Sourcing appropriate references • Introduction to Referencing tool “Endnote” Is it too early to learn about Endnote? NO! Feedback from final year students: “We wish we had known about Endnote in first year”

Common Questions • How to start the assessment tasks? • How best to format/present the assessment tasks? • Budget for EWB project? • How will I manage my time?

Report Structure (main body headings are just a guide and you may choose to include sub-headings) For more information on Abstract (one or two paragraphs) how to format and structure Disclaimer reports at Uni. SA refer to the Contents Report Writing Style Guide 1. 0 Introduction (approx. 10% of word count) and Report Writing Quick Guide. Also Refer to 2. 0 Culture and Communication 3. 0 Inclusive Teamwork and Communication Lecture 2. 4. 0 Appropriate Engineering Solutions 5. 0 Importance of Engineering Ethics 6. 0 Conclusion (approx. 10% of word count - Wrap up with key points, could include recommendations). • References (Recommend you refer to at least 5 references in your report) • • •

What does word count include? The word count includes everything from the introduction to the conclusion.

Using figures, tables & graphs The more common type of wind turbines are Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT), such as the one shown in Figure 1, below. Figure 1: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) (Smith 2005, p. 33)

Using figures, tables & graphs The adverse health impacts attributable to lack of water and sanitation are significant. These effects are caused by exposure to pathogenic microbes through various routes, which are summarised in Table 1, below. The large number of categories is an indication of the extent to which water-, sanitation-, and hygiene-related diseases can affect populations. Many of the categories and diseases are closely associated. As we discuss later, this association complicates environmental risk analysis. Table 1: Categories of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases Category Waterborne Description/disease Caused by the ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excreta or urine containing pathogenic bacteria or viruses; includes cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery, and other diarrheal diseases. Water-based Caused by parasites found in intermediate organisms living in water; includes dracunculiasis, schistosomiasis, and some other helminths. Water-related Caused by microorganisms with life cycles associated with insects that live or breed in water; includes dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, and yellow fever. Caused by direct or indirect contact with pathogens associated with excreta and/or vectors breeding in excreta; includes trachoma and most waterborne diseases. Excreta-related Water collection and storage Caused by contamination that occurs during or after collection, often because of poorly designed, open containers and improper hygiene and handling. Toxin-related Caused by toxic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, which are linked to eutrophication of surface-water bodies; causes gastrointestinal and hepatic illnesses. (Adapted from Eisenberg et al. 2001, p. 231)

Appendices Appendix 1: Questionnaire (Azapagic, Perdan & Shallcross 2005, p. 17) In the body of the report: “In order to understand how much engineering students understood about sustainable engineering practices, Azapagic, Perdan and Shallcross (2005) administered worldwide a questionnaire to 250 engineering students (see Appendix 1). ”

PROOF read Remember to proof read your work before submitting. Check report structure, presentation, grammar, spelling references…. Ask family and friends to proof read for you

Turnitin • When you submit files via Learn. Online they are automatically submitted to Turnitin • Turnitin creates a similarity report. The higher the percentage, the greater similarity with other work. • Once you have submitted your file, you can then go back and check that it has submitted successfully and what your Turnitin similarity score is. • Generally Green is OK. But always check the similarity report and check you have referenced correctly – sometimes it can pick up common phrases or template etc.

Check you h ave refere nced correc tly

Reminder from Lecture: Why reference? Avoids plagiarism Maintains academic integrity Shows your research skills – demonstrates your ability to source quality information Acknowledges exact source Strengthens your discussion or argument. Backs up what you are saying, gives your words and ideas more creditability. Gives you more credibility as a professional.

Reminder from Lecture: When to reference? Paraphrasing Summarising Quoting Copying or adapting (incl. images, tables, graphs, figures & equations) – even if you modify and adapt these resources you must reference. Mentioning ideas & works of others - Unless you are including something that is common sense or known widely you must reference – if in doubt reference!

Paraphrasing: Comment on this paraphrase Original text: ‘Moving forward with waste minimisation in construction requires a thorough source evaluation of design waste, which should set out to influence a change to a waste reduction design paradigm’ (Osmani, Glass & Price 2008, p. 1157). Simply changing one word or phrase with another word or phrase is not sufficient. Paraphrase: The future of waste minimisation in construction requires a thorough source evaluation of design waste, which should set out to influence a change to a waste reduction design paradigm (Osmani, Glass & Price 2008, p. 1157).

Comment on this paraphrase Original text: ‘Moving forward with waste minimisation in construction requires a thorough source evaluation of design waste, which should set out to influence a change to a waste reduction design paradigm’ (Osmani, Glass & Price 2008, p. 1157). A more thorough paraphrase. The main message is captured in the student’s writing. However, no reference is Paraphrase: provided. This is a form of plagiarism! For meaningful change to occur with regards to minimising waste in the construction industry, a systematic evaluation of waste which occurs in the design process is essential.

Comment on this paraphrase Original text: ‘Moving forward with waste minimisation in construction requires a thorough source evaluation of design waste, which should set out to influence a change to a waste reduction design paradigm’ (Osmani, Glass & Price 2008, p. 1157). Good. A more thorough paraphrase. The main message is captured. Appropriately referenced. Paraphrase: For meaningful change to occur with regards to minimising waste in the construction industry, a systematic evaluation of waste which occurs in the design process is essential (Osmani, Glass & Price 2008, p. 1157).

Adding your voice • Comments before and after your referenced paraphrases or quotations are where you discuss the connection between the knowledge you gained through your readings and your response to the assignment question/topic. • These comments are considered your voice. Consider the example on the next slide

Adding your voice Identify the student voice in the following paragraph. The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in history. In 2008, for the first time more than half of the world’s population (that is to say 3. 3 billion people) lived in urban areas (UNFPA 2007). By 2030, this number will swell to nearly 5 billion (UNFPA 2007). Cities and towns are now known to be responsible for the majority of green house gas emissions and energy consumption (Robinson & Quiroga 2009). It has become urgent to reduce the environmental impact and to identify ways to improve urban neighbourhoods to make them more sustainable. (Source: Adapted from Marique, A-F & Reiter, S 2011, ‘Towards more sustainable neighbourhoods: are good practices reproducible and extensible? ’, Proceedings from 27 th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. )

Adding your voice The comments you write before and after your referenced paraphrases or quotations are considered your voice. The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in history. In 2008, for the first time more than half of the world’s population (that is to say 3. 3 billion people) lived in urban areas (UNFPA 2007). By 2030, this number will swell to nearly 5 billion (UNFPA 2007). Cities and towns are now known to be responsible for the majority of green house gas emissions and energy consumption (Robinson & Quiroga 2009). It has become urgent to reduce the environmental impact and to identify ways to improve urban neighbourhoods to make them more sustainable. (Source: Adapted from Marique, A-F & Reiter, S 2011, ‘Towards more sustainable neighbourhoods: are good practices reproducible and extensible? ’, Proceedings from 27 th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. )

Reminder from Lecture: Ways to integrate Information prominent - the focus is on the information rather than the author (lead with the information). Nearly 60% of infant mortality is linked to infectious diseases, most of them related to poor sanitation and hygiene (UNESCO 2003). The Earth is estimated to have a volume of water of ‘ 1. 4 x 1018’m 3, which corresponds to a mass of 1. 4 x 1021 kg’(Oki 2006, p. 10). Author prominent – the contributor of the idea is placed at the front of the sentence (lead with the author) UNESCO (2003) report that nearly 60% of infant mortality is linked to infectious diseases, most of them related to poor sanitation and hygiene. According to Oki (2006, p. 10), the Earth is estimated to have a volume of water of ‘ 1. 4 x 1018’m 3, which corresponds to a mass of 1. 4 x 1021 kg’.

Reminder from Lecture: Uni. SA Harvard referencing In-text Author’s family name Year of publication Page number (if available) Uni. SA Harvard Referencing Guide www. unisa. edu. au/Referencing Refer to the pdf guide and online roadmap to referencing. Reference list Full bibliographic details Uni. SA Harvard does not number references and does not use Footnotes

Can you remember these spot the erros from the lecture? # 1 – spot the error(s) The traditional engineering curriculum fails to allow students to experience the link between the practice of engineering and the ideals of environmental sustainability (Pritchard J. & Baille C. , 2006, p. 557).

# 1 - correction The traditional engineering curriculum fails to allow students to experience the link between the practice of engineering and the ideals of environmental sustainability (Pritchard & Baille 2006, p. 557). Family name only, no initials No comma before the year

#2 – spot the error(s) “The critics make it more important for us to be clear on what we believe to be the business case for corporate responsibility” (Bendell and Shah 2002, p. 5).

#2 – correction ‘The critics make it more important for us to be clear on what we believe to be the business case for corporate responsibility’ (Bendell & Shah 2002, p. 5). Single quotation mark used for direct quotes Inside the brackets, the symbol ‘&’ is used

#3 – spot the error(s) A formal review of international law, declarations, and state practice supports the conclusion that access to a basic water requirement can be considered a fundamental human right. (Mc. Caffrey 1992; Gleick 1999)

#3 – correction A formal review of international law, declarations, and state practice supports the conclusion that access to a basic water requirement can be considered a fundamental human right (Gleick 1999; Mc. Caffrey 1992). Full stop comes after the in-text reference When there are multiple intext references, they are listed in alpha order, separated by a semi-colon

#4 – spot the error(s) As Okunmadewa et al. (2002, p. 93) found, ‘while villagers report that they are affected negatively by air and water pollution caused by Shell, the company is widely seen as having helped the physical development of the community. SPDC built a paved road to connect the village with the hinterland, and the company has also provided funding for building secondary schools and for training village youth’.

Quotes longer than 30 words are #4 – correction indented both sides and are one font size smaller. No quotation marks are required. Shell has a long history of assisting the communities in the Niger Delta, and its community development programmes dates back to the 1960’s. As Okunmadewa et al. (2002, p. 93) found: while villagers report that they are affected negatively by air and water pollution caused by Shell, the company is widely seen as having helped the physical development of the community. SPDC built a paved road to connect the village with the hinterland, and the company has also provided funding for building secondary schools and for training village youth.

#5 – spot the error(s) in the reference list [1] Wilhemson, L & Doos, M 2002, ‘Sustainability in a rapidly changing environment’, in P Docherty, J Forslen & A Rami (eds), Getting sustainable work systems: emerging principles and practices, Routledge, London, pp. 101 -113. [2] Sobsey, M 2006, ‘Drinking water and health research’, Journal of Water Health, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 17 -21. [3] Thornton, J 2001, Shell and development in Nigeria, i. Greens, viewed 3 March 2015, <www. igreens. org. uk/shell_and_development_projects_i. htm>. [4] Henderson, D 2001, Misguided virtue: false notions of corporate social responsibility, Institute of Economic Affairs, London.

Entries in the reference list #5 – correction appear in alphabetical order. DO NOT use numbers or dot Henderson, D 2001, Misguided virtue: false notions of corporate social list. points in your reference responsibility, Institute of Economic Affairs, London. Sobsey, M 2006, ‘Drinking water and health research’, Journal of Water Health, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 17 -21. Thornton, J 2001, Shell and development in Nigeria, i. Greens, viewed 3 March 2015, <www. igreens. org. uk/shell_and_development_projects_i. htm>. Wilhemson, L & Doos, M 2002, ‘Sustainability in a rapidly changing environment’, in P Docherty, J Forslen & A Rami (eds), Getting sustainable work systems: emerging principles and practices, Routledge, London, pp. 101 -113.

#6 – spot the error(s) For the 800 million people who go hungry each day and the one billion who lack access to clean water, poverty is an absence of opportunity (www. ewb. au).

#6 – correction For the 800 million people who go hungry each day and the one billion who lack access to clean water, poverty is an absence of opportunity (Engineers Without Borders 2012). References Engineers Without Borders Canada, 2012, Engineers Without Borders Canada, viewed 3 March 2015, <http: //www. ewb. org. au>. DO NOT use URLs for the in-text reference. Use the author’s name and year. If no author, use the organisation as the author. Provide the URL in the reference list.

#7 – spot the error(s) Figure 1: Political definitions of the Niger Delta, Nigeria

#7 – correction When copying or adapting images, graphs, tables, figures & equations you must have an in-text reference and include bibliographic details in your reference list. Figure 1: Political definitions of the Niger Delta, Nigeria (adapted from Frynas 2000, p. 20)

More questions? • Q: What if there is no date? • A: Use (n. d. ) instead of the year. • Q: What if there is no author? • A: Use the organisation as the author, e. g. (EWB 2012, p. 16)