ELEMENTS OF THE DETERRENCE PROCESS • The behavior must be definable, understandable, and detectable. • By the motorist. • By the Police. • By the Courts.
ELEMENTS OF THE DETERRENCE PROCESS • The effectiveness of deterrence depends on the perceived risk of apprehension. • For the risk to be credible , drivers must believe that they have a nontrivial chance of being apprehended.
ELEMENTS OF THE DETERRENCE PROCESS • Third, the effectiveness of deterrence depends on the swiftness certainty, and severity of punishment.
ELEMENTS OF THE DETERRENCE PROCESS • The behavior must be definable, understandable, and detectable. • By the motorist. • By the Police. • By the Courts.
ELEMENTS OF THE DETERRENCE PROCESS • The effectiveness of deterrence depends on the perceived risk of apprehension. • For the risk to be credible , drivers must believe that they have a nontrivial chance of being apprehended.
GOOD OLD DAYS
MOVABLE HOV LANES
EXIT LANES
For the risk to be credible , drivers must believe that they have a nontrivial chance of being apprehended.
THE OUTER LIMITS
ELEMENTS OF THE DETERRENCE PROCESS • Third, the effectiveness of deterrence depends on the swiftness certainty, and severity of punishment.
WHAT’S THE SPEED LIMIT? What is the speed limit at that location How do you know the speed limit of that location? Were these signs clear and conspicuous to the passing public on the date this citation was issued?
BASIC SPEED LAW STATE Do you have an opinion whether or not this speed is unreasonable and imprudent under the conditions then existing, having regard to the actual and potential hazards?