ENERGYMATTER TRANSFORMATIONS RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION Used by
ENERGY/MATTER TRANSFORMATIONS RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION • Used by plants and animals to get energy from food. • Energy stored in sugars (glucose) is released when organisms break down food into smaller molecules when combined with oxygen. • Takes place in the mitochondria of cells. • After breakdown of sugar, waste products of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2 O) leave through cell membrane.
RESPIRATION • Chemical reactions produce nucleotide, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) which stores energy and then releases it when needed. • ATP is an important part of cells; can make materials needed for life functions.
EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION CARBON DIOXIDE GLUCOSE C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 OXYGEN ATP 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ENERGY WATER
PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Process of producing food in plants • Chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells use energy from the sun to produce glucose. • CO 2 and water are also used with the sun’s energy while oxygen is given off as waste product.
EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ENERGY CARBON DIOXIDE OXYGEN C 6 H 12 O 6 + GLUCOSE 6 O 2
Photosynthesis Processes • • • Light Reaction Chlorophyll traps energy in sunlight. ATP is produced ATP can store energy for cell processes. Water is split into H & O Some O is used in respiration; much is given off to the atmosphere. • Calvin Cycle • CO 2 and other chemicals combine to form sugar (energy to do this comes from ATP). • Some of sugar produced is used in respiration; some for growth. • Extra sugar stored in roots, stems and leaves.
Two Stages of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. – Light reactions (during day-time only, in the thylakoid membrane) – Calvin Cycle (both day and night, in the stroma)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION • ALL plants carry on respiration! • Plants with chlorophyll carry on photosynthesis. • Photosynthesis and Respiration depend on each other • Oxygen is released in Photosynthesis and used in Respiration. • Water and CO 2 are released in Respiration and are used in Photosynthesis.
Overview Photosynthesis and Respiration SUN RADIANT ENERGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS GLUCOSE RESPIRATION CELL ACTIVITIES ATP(ENERGY)
Plants and Photosynthesis • Plants are ‘autotrophs’ – They can make their own food. • Plants are ‘producers of the Biosphere’ – They produce food to sustain other living organisms as well. • Plant cells have chloroplasts which can capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy – stored in glucose.
Chloroplast – The Photosynthetic Organelle in Plant Cells
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