Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency and

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency and New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings – New Zealand David F. S. Natusch APEC EGNRET 28 , Tokyo, Japan, 29 -30 January, 2007 1

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Coverage Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings Future Initiatives The New Zealand Profile Key Points 2

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency Few Significant Applications • Mainly Passive. Heat Loss Reduction • Thermal Insulation, • Radiation Minimisation. Temperature Perception • Wall Colours, • Heat/Light Capture – Light pipes Not an Impressive Record! 3

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings New and Renewable Energy New Zealand started with 100% Renewable Energy • Firewood, • Hydroelectricity. Has gone Backwards in Renewable Energy Use • Cheaper to use Coal, Gas and Petroleum Products. Now trying to slow the Decline by Promoting: • Hydro, • Geothermal, • Biogas, • Wind Power, • Biofuels. A Slow Process 4

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Current Energy Supply Distribution Energy Supply, 2005 Energy Supplied PJ Total Renewable % % 27 Total Energy 688 100 Renewables 184 27 100 Hydro 84 12 46 Geothermal 81 12 44 Non Biological Wind Biological 2. 2 17 0. 3 1. 2 2. 4 9 Wastes: Sewage gas, Landfill gas, Ag. & Wood wastes Ag. Crops Wood Fats & Oils Most Renewables non-Biological 5

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Current Consumer Energy Distribution Energy Consumption, 2005 Energy Consumed PJ % Total Energy 465 100 Agriculture 20 4 136 29 Commercial 49 11 Residential 62 13 198 43 Industrial Transport Commercial Energy use is Minor 6

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Current Initiatives Now trying to slow the Decline by Promoting: • Energy End Use Efficiency • Solar – mainly Passive, • Hydro – micro and mini, • Geothermal, • Biogas, • Wind Power, • Combined Solar and Wind Power • Biofuels. The main initiatives are in Energy Efficiency & Biofuels 7

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings The New Zealand Profile New Zealand has a Maritime Climate • Few Temperature Extremes, • Less Heating and Cooling Demand cf. other APEC Economies, Little Economic Drive • Energy Efficiency savings are relatively small, • No Government Subsidies for Energy Efficiency. Most Energy Conservation Activity in Residential Sector • Management of Off Peak Electricity for Water Heating, • Building Insulation The Economic Drivers are not Strong 8

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Key Points • Low Heating and Cooling Demand cf. other APEC Economies, • Energy Efficiency savings are relatively small, • No Government Subsidies for Energy Efficiency, • Most Energy Conservation Activity in Residential Sector, • Commercial Energy use quite small (11%), • N & RE use not directed to Commercial Energy Sector, • Quite high level of N & RE (29%) in the Energy Supply Mix, • Government Policy to increase N & RE Supply, • No significant initiatives for Commercial Buildings. The Economic Drivers are not Strong 9