Energy The ability to do work Energy is
Energy The ability to do work Energy is the ability to be active or to use power.
Nutrition powers our body so that it can work. Energy that you get from the food you eat.
Photosynthesis Happens in green plants and some other organisms In most cases, oxygen is released into the air because of this process. When carbohydrates are created from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source
Chloroplast The food producers of plant cells Organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms where photosynthesis and other chemical reactions take place
Glucose People get most of their glucose from the sugar and starch in carbohydrates. When you eat, your body turns the food into a sugar called glucose. Glucose provides fuel for your cells.
Macromolecule Types of macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids Large molecules made up of smaller molecules joined together
Monomer Digestion breaks down macromolecules like starch or protein into monomers. A small molecule that may attach chemically to other monomers to form a polymer or macromolecule.
Carbohydrates are found in fruits, vegetables, bread and grains. A compound made up of oxygen (1 atom), hydrogen (2 atoms) and carbon (1 atom) Carbohydrates main function is to store energy
Monosaccharide Examples are fructose, ribose and glucose. Found in fruit, milk and plants. Simple Sugar
Lipid They store energy and provide a barrier as a part of cell membranes Lipids A macromolecule that is oily to the touch and cannot be dissolved in water. Lipids include fats, oils and waxes.
Fatty Acid Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies. During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood. A kind of lipid that comes from animal or vegetable fats and oils.
Protein helps transport substances. It makes reactions happen more quickly. It builds and repairs muscles. It makes hormones. Protein is a macromolecule found in meats, eggs and dairy products.
Amino Acid The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen A small carbon compound that makes up protein.
Nucleic Acid There are two types in living organisms: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) A type of macromolecule that stores and transmits genetic information It is made up of chains of nucleotides.
Mouth The mouth takes in food and breaks it into smaller pieces through chewing. Mixes food with saliva, which starts digestion. The opening where organisms take in food.
Esophagus Moves the food to the stomach the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach
Stomach muscles contract to break down food and mix it with the enzymes and acids in the stomach lining. Food moves from the esophagus to the large, saclike organ known as the stomach. The stomach serves as a storage place while food starts the early processes of digestion
Small Intestine The small intestine is the narrow winding upper part of the intestines. Connects the stomach to the large intestine. Where chemical digestion is completed and most of the nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream.
Large Intestine The last part of the digestive system. Connects the small intestine to the anus. Produces vitamin K and B for the body. Absorbs water. Removes waste from the body in the form of feces.
Liver The liver is the largest organ in the body. An organ that secretes bile, has an important function in the storage and breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and helps purify many poisonous substances that may be eaten
Pancreas Makes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Produces hormones like insulin that regulates glucose in the body. The pancreas is a long gland located behind the stomach that secretes digestive juices into the small intestine
Enzyme Examples are amylase in saliva or pepsin in the stomach Enzymes break the large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed.
Substrate An enzyme works together with a substrate to start a chemical reaction. The material on which an enzyme acts.
Energy of Activation Catalysts help to reduce the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction The energy required to start a chemical reaction.
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