Energy Storage System Drivers and Use Cases for

Energy Storage System Drivers and Use Cases for Energy Storage Systems • Peak Shaving: Energy shifting – moving excess energy from one timeslot to another timeslot Drivers Technology Development Automotive Industry Battery & Renewables Pricing • Renewable Smoothing: ramp rate control of fast changes / firming (power at firm level over reasonable time) Commitment to Emission Reduction Green makes Green AUGUST 2018 | JASON ASPIN, CEO • Spinning Reserve: Grid Stability / reliability during unexpected events (transmission, generation outages) | ASPIN KEMP & ASSOCIATES • Grid Services: ancillary services, frequency regulation, voltage control

Energy Storage Trends Tailored and Integrated to Fit the Situation 70% 60% 50% Source: North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the California Independent System Operator Corporation (Ca. ISO) Sample Reduction Target 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Renewables Ceiling AUGUST 2018 | JASON ASPIN, CEO Load Changes | Energy Storage Addition ASPIN KEMP & ASSOCIATES Goal must be to 1. Achieve Government Commitment 2. Provide solution with acceptable business case 3. Leverage infrastructure to provide value to multiple stakeholders

Energy Storage Application Analysis Detailed System Analysis is Required Best solution for the application: Review Available Technologies Example Considerations: • Mature technology with high efficiency • High power to energy ratio • Discharge capacity in minute range • Costs to meet energy requirements, power requirements and frequency of utilization • Best suited for future upgrades and applications of the ESS AUGUST 2018 | JASON ASPIN, CEO | ASPIN KEMP & ASSOCIATES

Smart Microgrid Next Generation Energy Systems: Power when you need it, where you need it with the lowest cost and environmental impact. The Smart Microgrid provides back up power generation, reduced COE, grid support and energy storage options tailored to suit an installation / application requirement. AUGUST 2018 | JASON ASPIN, CEO | ASPIN KEMP & ASSOCIATES