Energy Storage Applications Nov 22 2017 Kapil Maheshwari

Energy Storage- Applications Nov 22, 2017 Kapil Maheshwari

Energy Storage Technology 2

Li-ion Battery Technology The most popular battery technologies are the lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy- and power-density as well as their high lifetime compared to other types Anode: Selection based on low cost, good electrochemical performance, low volume expansion during charging and discharging Material Energy Density (m. Ah/gm) Cost Lifetime Graphite 372 Medium LTO 175 High Cathode: Selection based on application itself. The key properties of a battery are: energy density, power density, cost and lifetime Material Energy Density (Wh/Kg) Cost Lifetime LCO 546 Medium LMO 410 -492 Low NMC 610 -650 High LFP 518 -587 Medium High NCA 680 -760 High Medium 3

Li-ion Technology Comparisons (Energy Application) Parameter LCO LMO NMC NCA LFP LTO Efficiency 90% 95% 93% 90% 95% 97% C Rates C/4 - 1 C C/4 -3 C C/4 - 2 C C/4 -10 C DOD 80% 90% Wh/Kg (ED) 160 -177 140 -158 180 -196 200 -213 130 -143 75 -84 Wh/L (ED) 380 -400 350 -358 420 -433 450 -466 270 -282 175 -186 W/Kg (PD) 30 -50 30 -60 40 -60 25 -45 600 -800 Cycle Life 800 -1000 3800 -4000 3300 -3500 3800 -4000 7500 -8000 Chemistry Li, Co Li, Mn, Ni, Co Li, Ni, Co, Al Li, Fe Li, Ti, Mn Toxicity High Medium High Low Medium Max. Temp. 45 55 55 65 4

Li-ion Technology – Graphical Representation Source: BCG Outlook 5

Li-ion Technology Roadmap LCO, LMO NMC, NCA LFP, LTO Present Li- Silicon High Voltage Solid State Li- Sulfur 3 -10 Years Li- Magnesium Li- Air > 10 Years ? ? ? 6

Application and Potential Value Source: Deloitte Energy Storage 7

Market Drivers and impact on Energy Storage markets Renewable Integration Short term – Medium Falling prices of PV and Battery Short term – High Long Term - Medium Long Term - High EV Adoption Short term – High Long Term - High Diesel Replacement Short term – Medium Govt. push to reduce carbon emission Short term – Low Long Term - Medium Long Term - High 8

ESS Projects in India (Commissioned & Proposed) Indian ESS market has started to witness traction in last 2 years with following flagship projects Commissioned • Mahindra Susten won 20 MW PV and 28 MWh storage tender in Andaman by NLC. • NTPC R&D unit NETRA is conducting pilot study on 1. 2 MWh Na. S battery system. • 80 K Telecom towers installed with Li-ion batteries, Cumulative 700 MWh. • Diesel Replacement, 12 MW. • PGCIL commissioned 2 ESS, 500 Kw each with Li-ion and advanced Lead acid batteries. Proposed • SEZ and Smart cities requires up to 100 W ESS for back up power, grid management etc. • NLC and REIL tendered 7 MW/2. 5 MWh and 1 MWh respectively for Andaman. • Tata Power Delhi to install 10 MW ESS for grid services. • JEREDA tendered 94 microgrids cumulative 5 MWh. • BREDA tendered 200+ microgrids with storage. • Central and State Govt. are looking for ESS with solar for airports, railway station, resorts, hospitals, temples etc 9

ESS Projects in India – Challenges High Cost of advanced technologies • High capital cost in spite of low levelized cost of storage is limitation for ESS. • Short Term Impact – High • Long Term Impact – Low Lack of policy framework • EV and grid scale deployment requires robust policy framework. • Short Term Impact – Medium • Long Term Impact – Low Improvement in supply and grid reliability • This will limit the growth in C&I segment. • Short Term Impact – Medium • Long Term Impact – High 10