Energy Oil Gas and Shale Steve Campbell December

Energy, Oil, Gas and Shale Steve Campbell - December 2012 Ego narro verum ut bovis fimus. A casual question that turned into a personal project. 1

Vocabulary: Petroleum – complex hydrocarbons that take the form of liquids (crude oil) or semi-fluids (tar ) - from Latin for “rock oil” Natural Gas – Gaseous hydrocarbons – mostly Methane (CH 4) but includes more complex molecules of Ethane, Butane , Propane , etc When I say “gas” this is what I am talking about. Propane – (C 3 H 8) A heavier gas/ liquid under pressure that is used as remote energy – delivered by truck to farms and ranches. Also called Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) Condensate – middle weight hydrocarbons that exist as gas under pressure but condense to form liquids when brought to the surface Condensate is mainly composed of propane, butane, pentane and heavier hydrocarbon fractions. 2

The word is “Shale” What is shale? shale [ʃeɪl] n (Earth Sciences / Geological Science) a dark fine-grained laminated sedimentary rock formed by compression of successive layers of clay-rich sediment [Old English scealu SHELL; compare German Schalstein laminated limestone; see SCALE 1, SCALE 2] shaly adj 3

There are many types of shale It all is made up of mud that has been deposited by rivers in oceans and lakes. Like any sedimentary rock, it is slowly buried and compressed into stone. Like most sedimentary rock it contains organic matter. 4

There are many types of shale The amount and nature of the hydrocarbons in shale vary enormously 5

These two kinds of shale are very interesting. Under long periods of pressure and heat, the organic matter becomes kerogen. More heat and pressure result in petroleum and then natural gas. Shale is porous but not permeable. It contains fluid (or gas) but does not give it up easily. A lot of Oil Shale contains kerogen We will cover this later, until then, we are talking about black marine shale! Black Marine Shale contains petroleum (Shale Oil) or natural gas 6

Vocabulary: Porosity – attribute of sedimentary rock. The ability to contain fluid or gas within the rock structure. Most sedimentary rock is porous. Permeability – Another attribute. The ease of flow of fluid or gas through the rock. Some sedimentary rocks are permeable. Shale is not. Source Rock: The impermeable rocks that contain oil and gas. Usually shale. Reservoir rock: The permeable rocks that oil and gas seep into naturally. This is where we drilled to get the stuff up ‘till now. 7

Drilling for oil or gas (old school) Air Overburden Cap Rock Reservoir Rock Source Rock Basement Oil and gas escapes the shale through natural fractures due to faults or flexing, to enter a more permeable sedimentary rock –usually sandstone or limestone. The hydrocarbons flow upward, in this case into an anticline, where they are trapped under the impermeable upper rocks. Drill to the sandstone in the carefully chosen place. -8 -

Drilling for oil or gas (new way) Oil and gas in the shale can only be extracted where the formation has been fractured. Drilling fractures a little, but more is required. Where there is no faulting or flexing, a down-hole perforating tool that shoots holes in the casing and into out the rocks. Then fracturing fluid is pumped into the well, which further fractures the formation and props the cracks open with the sand. Notice that this is no longer a carefully chosen place! -9 -

Who invented this “New Way”? -10 -

Hydraulic Fracturing (Chevron) �Dates back to 1949 �Has been done on ~1. 2 million wells �Is done on 90% of oil & gas wells today ◦ I doubt that those wells would be drilled if fracturing is banned. Jobs, leases, royalties, permit money, tax revenues, likewise disappear. �Natural gas wells that produce from shale rock are expected to have a long production life spanning several decades. -11 -

Hydraulic Fracturing �Is fracturing fluid vile, nasty, toxic poison like the greens say? 99. 5% Dihydrous Monoxide & Silicon Dioxide Water Sand -12 -

Drilling for oil or gas (new way) Fracturing too far may let brine from adjacent formations into the well bore. Big time fail! Nobody pays $100 /bbl for brine. The fractured formation is separated Water Tablefrom the water table by thousands of feet of impermeable rock. Chevron: How We Operate: http: //www. chevron. com/deliveringener gy/naturalgas/shalegas/howweoperate/ Every oil or gas well ever drilled goes through a water table. -13 -

Dimock, Pennsylvania �New EPA Results: Fracturing Has Not Contaminated Water In Pennsylvania �The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is providing further evidence that hydraulic fracturing did not contaminate groundwater in a small Pennsylvania town where some residents believe natural gas drilling fouled their domestic wells. �Twenty more homes in Dimock were tested by EPA investigators, and the results upheld findings released earlier in March according to which the water posed no immediate health risk. -14 -

Dimock: Movie “Gas. Land” – Shameless Fakery � Methane is common in water supplies in many regions of the country, including the Colorado town (coal seams are common there) where (Josh) Fox filmed this episode. …(Y)ielding faucets that flame if someone lights them. � the State of Colorado found “naturally occurring biogenic methane gas in the well and no impact from O&G …operations. ” � (T)he Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection just stated there’s never been a documented case of groundwater contamination from the hydraulic fracturing process. He has been joined by U. S. EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson…and regulators in 15 other states. -15 -

Pavilion, Wyoming � “…the EPA's own test drilling was the source of the contamination. “ Apparently, they drilled their water sampling wells through the water table an into a methane bearing formation! � “…the EPA is now admitting that its initial report, which formed the basis of a nationwide media indictment of hydraulic fracturing, was based on inconclusive data. “ (underscores mine). � …it appears that the suggestion of a definite cause- and-effect relationship between natural gas drilling and well-water pollution at Pavillion is based on nothing more substantial than wishful thinking. -16 -

One EPA employee in a court-ordered deposition has admitted the EPA war aware that groundwater in the � area contained methane prior to Range's drilling but “…the EPA ordered a substantial endangerment order against Range Resources, saying that their fracturing had “caused or contributed to chose to hit the delete button when it released its the contamination of at least two residential drinking water wells. ” official records used to justify actions against the � company. The (Texas) Railroad Commission* decided to spearhead their own investigation and found no link between the fracturing and water contamination. Range Resources, Texas Read more: � To this day, Range Resources maintains that the well was http: //www. americanthinker. com/blog/2013/02/epa_ca contaminated by a naturally-occurring shallow gas field in the area. ught_sabotaging_fracking. html#ixzz 2 Kshj 5 k. Sf � Follow us: @American. Thinker on Twitter | Today’s announcement (by the EPA that there was no contamination) marks the end of but one battle in a longstanding conflict between the American. Thinker on Facebook Railroad Commission and the EPA. * The (Texas) Railroad Commission, despite its name, has nothing to do with railroads and is all about oil and gas regulation. -17 -

Texas Railroad Commission �The Commission claimed that the EPA’s Wyoming report “seems to be a repeat of the template EPA followed in the Range Resources case: first, make a ‘preliminary, ’ unproven assertion that will be perceived by the media and the public as a condemnation of hydraulic fracturing, then quietly back away once the science has proved the assertions to be false. ”. -18 -

Conclusions about the EPA and Fracturing: �The EPA has made serious accusations against fracturing in three very public cases. �Under pressure of REALITY the EPA has since reversed its accusations in all 3 cases. The retractions have been soft-sold and relegated to back pages by a (IMHO) complicit media. �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=imy. Jh. CHh. Co May 24 th 2011? � “It was kind of like how the Romans used to conquer little villages in the Mediterranean. They’d go into a little Turkish* town somewhere, they’d find the first five guys they saw, and they would crucify them. ” -- Alfredo Juan “Al” Armendariz, EPA – -19 -

About the Energy Institute Report …a broader study by the Energy Institute at the University of Texas, which found no evidence of a connection between fracking and groundwater contamination anywhere in the U. S. The Principle Investigator Charles Groat sat on the board of Plains E&P, and did not disclose that, so (according to the media & academia) utterly discredited, as is the Energy Institute, UT, and Texas itself. “[T]he nature of my role as organizer of the report did not in any way influence or modify the results of the study which were determined by the individual investigators. ” (Al) Gore is getting rich(er) from environmentalism…being paid a whopping $175, 000 per speech…using political pressure to force government policy in a direction that benefits his business interests. ” “He also serves as chairman of Generation Investment Management, a firm that is focused on a new approach to sustainable investing. ” The “Independent Review Board” cited “potential conflict of interest” repeatedly. Only nitpicking criticism of the paper itself: “Citations were missing…two of the report’s main sections were marked as rough drafts …the press release “distorted” the study’s findings…the report should not have been released in draft form…Other experts at the University…didn’t participate in the study. ” -20 -

Where can I find this shale? While shale reserves exist elsewhere, the U. S. enjoys a mix of property laws, regulations and infrastructure that give it a huge lead in this field. -21 -

Where can I find this shale? (24 states) � Alabama: � Alaska: Alabama Shale Fields Anwar Arkansas: � California: � Colorado: � Kansas: � Kentucky: � Louisiana: Fayetteville L. A. Basin Green River Niobrara Huron Austin Chalk Michigan: � Mississippi: � Montana: � Nevada: � New Mexico: Antrim Collingwood Tuscaloosa Marine Bakken Exshaw Three Forks/Sanish Chainman Avalon Bone Spring Permian Wolfcamp � � Smackover Brown Dense Formation Kern County Monterey Niobrara Piceance Bossier Haynesville Smackover -22 -

Where can I find this shale? � New York: � North Carolina: Marcellus Cumnock North Dakota: � Ohio: � Oklahoma: � Pennsylvania: � Tennessee: � Texas: Bakken Three Forks/Sanis Huron Utica Granite Wash Hogshooter Woodford Chatanooga Austin Chalk Barnett Bone Spring Bessier Eagle Ford Granite Wash Haynesville Permian Basin Spayberry Wolfcamp Green River Chainman Marcellus Huron Green River Niobrara � Utah: � West Virginia: � Wyoming: � -23 -

Where can I find this shale? Current Production Oil and Gas 1 million boe/day. In Texas, we’ve got a All 2013 at that level = 365, 000 boe. bucket in each hand Or @ $88 / bbl we’re headed for the well! about Thirty Two (32) Billion Dollars. Houston -24 -

Where can I find this shale? Thick Cretaceous shale The two vertical appraisal wells will go to 15, 000 -17, 000 ft, and as much as two thirds of each wellbore will penetrate the objective formation, said George Yates, president, HEYCO Energy. -25 -

How much gas do we use? -26 -

How much gas and oil? � Where can I find it? ◦ Almost Everywhere � How much gas? � � A really big amount -decades of reserves at the very least. These estimates are always very conservative – even so they are stunning. EIA estimate of 840 Tcf / 20 Tcf = 41 years. Does not include “conventional” gas. How much oil? ◦ This is not well known as yet. According to Sen. James Inhofe, a minimum of 70 years worth. These estimates have historically been extremely conservative! � Example 2003: The US MMS increased its estimate of "technically recoverable" deep natural gas reserves on the OCS of the GOM to 15 -55 tcf from previous estimates of 5 -20 tcf, � Example: Back in the 1990 s, we thought that there were about 25 billion barrels (Deep Water Gulf) , but there’ve been some new discoveries recently (50 billion, now). � -27 -

How much does gas cost? From 2007, natural gas has fallen to 1/2 of its price. From the peak in 2008, it has fallen to one third. Dec 15, 2012. . . $3. 30 -28 -

Can I put it in my car? � One gallon of gas is the energy equivalent of 1. 3 gallons of propane. � Farmers have used propane in their trucks for decades! Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is also available but not yet widely. (Lima story) � Weekly Summary of Propane Prices (3/07/12) source: EIA $1. 23 per gallon, 23 cents below the March 7, 2011 price of $1. 46 per gallon. Propane gallon of gasoline equivalent 1. 3* 1. 23 $1. 60 per gallon! �Compressed Natural Gas GGE price is not so simple. But it is less than Propane, for sure. -29 -

Doesn’t hydraulic fracturing use a lot of water? �Fracturing a typical Chesapeake deep shale natural gas and oil well requires 4. 5 million gallons. (recycling and use of propane as working fluid are now being developed) �That same amount of water is used to produce enough corn to make 6075 gallons (145 barrels) of ethanol. �A low producing oil well might yield 100 barrels of oil per day. (300 bushels/acre * 6. 75 acres * 3 gal/bushel) -30 -

What about flow-back and produced brine? �According to new analysis by researchers at Duke and Kent State universities…which appears in Water Resources Research: "We found that on average, shale gas wells produced about 10 times the amount of wastewater as conventional wells, but they also produced about 30 times more natural gas, " says Brian Lutz, assistant professor of biogeochemistry at Kent State, "That surprised us, given the popular perception that hydraulic fracturing creates disproportionate amounts of wastewater. " -31 -

Doesn’t hydraulic fracturing use a lot of water? � Fracturing a typical Chesapeake deep shale natural gas and oil well requires 4. 5 million gallons. (recycling is now being developed – filtering, treatment and distillation) � That same amount of water could be used to produce enough corn to make 6075* gallons (145 barrels) of ethanol. � A low producing oil well might yield 100 barrels of oil per day, which is about the energy equivalent of 145 bbl of ethanol. � So, in a manner of speaking, I save 4. 5 million gallons of water every day by using my well’s oil instead of ethanol! � Yes, logic is sometimes amazing! *(300 bushels/acre X 6. 75 acres (irrigated by 4. 5 Mgal) X 3 gal/bushel) -32 -

What about surface impact? Apache’s L-34 pad covers six acres and drains 6000 acres. � It can be reclaimed to 1/3 acre � 1/3 Acre -33 -

What about surface impact? Apache’s L-34 pad covers six acres and drains 6000 acres. � It can be reclaimed to 1/3 acre � 238 ft Source: Google Earth 1/3 rd Acre -34 -

What about oil? �Oil exists in shale as well. �Now that gas is cheap, drillers are looking more for oil or condensates. �Trouble is, the oil wells produce natural gas as a by-product. So, gas prices will remain cheap for the foreseeable future. �All this is happening mostly on private land, making millionaires out of ex-farmers. �Many federal lands have been made off limits. The feds lose great amounts of income in royalties. (12. 5 – 25 %) -35 -

Who gets the oil (money)? �~12. 5 to 25% in royalties goes to the landowner. ◦ Individuals, school districts, cities, counties, states, federal government. ◦ For this they do…nothing � Oil companies ◦ For this they invest billions in research, equipment, supplies, salaries, permits, leases and taxes. Average profit margin about 8%. -36 -

� Products Made From Petroleum Solvents Diesel fuel Motor Oil Bearing Grease � � � � � Ink Floor Wax Ballpoint Pens Football Cleats Upholstery Sweaters Boats Insecticides Bubble Gum Sports Car Bodies Nail Polish Fishing lures Dresses Tires (auto/bicycle) Golf Bags Perfumes Cassettes Dishwasher parts Tool Boxes Shoe Polish Motorcycle Helmet Caulking Petroleum Jelly Transparent Tape CD Player Faucet Washers Antiseptics Clothesline Curtains Food Preservatives Basketballs Soap Vitamin Capsules Antihistamines Purses Shoes Dashboards Cortisone Deodorant Footballs Putty Dyes Panty Hose Refrigerant Percolators Life Jackets Rubbing Alcohol Linings Skis TV Cabinets Shag Rugs Electrician's Tape Tool Racks Car Battery Cases Epoxy Paint Mops Slacks Insect Repellent Oil Filters Umbrellas Yarn Fertilizers Hair Coloring Roofing Toilet Seats Fishing Rods Lipstick Denture Adhesive Linoleum Ice Cube Trays Synthetic Rubber Speakers Plastic Wood Electric Blankets Glycerin Tennis Rackets Rubber Cement Fishing Boots Dice This list is a bit “dated”, eh? -37 -

Products Made From Petroleum � But wait, there’s more! � Nylon Rope Water Pipes Shampoo Guitar Strings Antifreeze Clothes Combs Vaporizers Heart Valves Enamel Anesthetics Dentures Cold cream Fan Belts Refrigerators � � � � Candles Trash Bags House Paint Hand Lotion Roller Skates Surf Boards Wheels Paint Rollers Shower Curtains Luggage Aspirin Safety Glasses Football Helmets Awnings Eyeglasses Toothbrushes Ice Chests Footballs CD's & DVD's Paint Brushes Detergents Balloons Sun Glasses Tents Crayons Parachutes Telephones Pillows Dishes Cameras Artificial Turf Artificial limbs Bandages Model Cars Folding Doors Hair Curlers Movie film Soft Contact lenses Drinking Cups Car Enamel Shaving Cream Ammonia Golf Balls Toothpaste Gasoline Lest we forget -38 -

What did we do before Petroleum? We went out on the ocean to harpoon whales, cut them up and render them down into liquid fuel. -39 -

What Else is There? � Coal ◦ Plentiful and cheap. ◦ ~200 year supply in known formations � Nuclear � Affordable and proven to be safer than other sources. � Hydro Electric ◦ Limited ◦ Environmentalists are tearing the dams down. � Wind ◦ Expensive and intermittent –appropriate in special cases. � Solar ◦ Very expensive and intermittent –appropriate in special cases. -40 -

Energy use in the United States Electricity ½ coal Electric Generation loses more than 2/3 of the energy content of its fuel. Replacing petroleum with electric vehicles would triple demand for generation. Transportation is near 100% Petroleum -41 -

Electricity sources (%) US (2009) -42 -

Geothermal • May use hydraulic fracturing • Power lines to remote site • Water vapor is a greenhouse gas. • Start by drilling a hole • Extract steam or hot water • Re-inject cool water • Water returns via fractures -43 -

Hydroelectric • Simple and clean • Start by damming a river • Power lines to remote site • Greens hate these and want to tear down the existing ones • Droughts and floods • Brisbane Story -44 -

Solar • Simple and clean • Start by covering vast stretches of land with panels. • Times 30 < 1 % • Storage is a big, big problem • Greens still don’t like it much • Ahnold said… 1. Power companies…are required to buy electricity from home solar generators at the same price they resell it to other customers, meaning utilities earn nothing to cover their fixed costs. 2. …eventually rates must be raised to make up the difference… 3. Think about what happens after that! -45 -

A July 2008 study of the wind farm at Altamont Pass, Calif. , • Simple and clean estimated that its turbines kill an average of 80 golden eagles per • Start by covering vast year. The study, funded by the Alameda County Community stretches of land with windmills. Development Agency, also estimated that about 10, 000 birds— • Storage is a big, big problem nearly all protected by the migratory bird act—are being whacked • Locals don’t like it much every year at Altamont. No fines have been levied or paid. Wind On Aug. 13, Exxon. Mobil pleaded guilty in federal court to killing 85 birds that had come into contact with crude oil or other pollutants in uncovered tanks or waste-water facilities on its properties. The birds were protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which dates back to 1918. The company agreed to pay $600, 000 in fines and fees. ($7058/bird) -46 -

Wind USA, California - Altamont wind farm will shut down half of its turbines - Altamont Pass is an important birdmigration route A 2004 report by the California Energy Commission found that 880 to 1, 300 raptors are killed at Altamont every year, such as red-tailed hawks and the federally protected golden eagle. According to the American Wind Energy Association, the industry's trade association, each megawatt of installed wind. The American Bird Conservancy filed a lawsuit last summer (2012) against the power results in the killing of between one and six birds per year. Interior Department claiming wind power projects are killing large numbers of bats and birds. At the end of 2008, the U. S. had about 25, 000 megawatts of wind turbines. So, 25, 000 to 150, 000 bids killed per year and Altamont (576 Megawatts) alone is 10, 000? ……these numbers don’t add up! -47 -

Wind "we don't have a satisfying explanation for why we're seeing such large numbers of bats. It seems they're being attracted to turbines. “ “"If bats have a lungful of air as they fly through the air-pressure change, there's nowhere for the air to go…The small blood vessels around the lungs burst and fill the lungs with fluid and blood. " “The 420 wind turbines now in use across Pennsylvania killed more than 10, 000 bats last year -48 -

Wind • What happens when the subsidies dry up: -49 -

“Green” Electricity Sources (%) US X X X -50 -

Kerogen �(kĕr'ə-jən) n. A fossilized material in shale and other sedimentary rock that yields oil upon heating. [Greek kēros, wax + -GEN. ] �Not (yet) petroleum or natural gas -51 -

Kerogen �In Colorado's Piceance Basin alone there may be over 1. 5 trillion barrels of oil according to the US Geological Survey. This is almost 5 times the size of Saudi Arabia's 300 billion barrels in reserves by some estimates. -52 -

Kerogen ◦ There are other kerogen resources in Utah, and Wyoming. Note PER ACRE abundance. -53 -

Kerogen In-place oil shale resources (million metric tons) Deposit Country Period In-place shale oil resources (million barrels) Green River Formatio n USA Tertiary 1, 466, 00 0 213, 000 Phosphor ia USA Formatio n Permian 250, 000 35, 775 Eastern USA Devonian 189, 000 27, 000 Heath Formatio n Early Carbonife rous 180, 000 25, 578 USA In-place estimates for Kerogen based oil in the US are over SEVEN TIMES Saudi Arabia’s reserves. Note: this is in addition to all the Black Marine Shale production we have been talking about! -54 -

Methane Hydrates Methane hydrates refers to natural gas frozen into ice crystals on and just below the seafloor – or in frozen strata in the arctic regions. Estimates are that hydrates are equivalent to about twice the hydrocarbons yet produced. -55 -

Conclusions � Black Marine Shale is currently yielding an overabundance of natural gas. We will be exporting same within 5 years. � Development of oil production from Black Marine Shale is growing. We may be self-sufficient and exporting oil in 10 years. � Production of fuel from Kerogen bearing shale is under development. – promising abundant energy for the foreseeable future. � Economic Salvation is not at our doorstep, it is beneath our feet. � It is looking very much like the Oil Age has just begun. Our government may attempt to suppress that, but shale is everywhere! � After that – Hydrates 2 X all hydrocarbons yet. -56 -

Bibliography (1) Fracturing diagrams http: //www. powerincooperation. com/en/pages/drilling-andcompletion. html? utm_campaign=Non. Branded&utm_medium=Paid. Search&utm_source=MSN&utm_content=Drilling&ut m_term=horizontal%20 drilling Oil/gas well drilling info http: //www. kgs. ku. edu/Publications/Oil/primer 12. html Fracturing Fluid Composition: http: //www. americanthinker. com/2011/08/fracking_fluid_fearmongering_farce. html Fracturing http: //www. chevron. com/deliveringenergy/naturalgas/shalegas/howweopera te/ Shale Plays in the US: http: //www. oilshalegas. com/shalefields. html http: //www. rigzone. com/news/oil_gas/a/122598/How_Fracking_Could_Sav e_the_Dollar -57 -

Bibliography (2) Propane Formula: http: //www. ehow. com/facts_5306559_chemical-formula-propane. html Kerogen: http: //www. answers. com/topic/kerogen Oil Company Profits: Oil Profit Margins vs. Other Industries http: //everydayecon. wordpress. com/2006/04/26/oil-profit-margins-vs-otherindustries Windmills and Birds: Windmills Are Killing Our Birds Robert Bryce http: //online. wsj. com/article/SB 10001424052970203706604574376543308 399048. html Windmills and birds: Windfair http: //w 3. windfair. net/wind-energy/news/2091 Windmills and Bats: http: //www. scientificamerican. com/article. cfm? id=wind-turbines-kill-bats -58 -

Bibliography (3) EPA and Wyoming: Is the EPA Just Sloppy, or Cooking the Books? Jeffry Folks http: //www. americanthinker. com/2012/04/is_the_epa_just_sloppy_or_cooki ng_the_books. html#ixzz 2 E 6 h 5 BGye EPA and Pennsylvania: New EPA Results: Fracking Has Not Contaminated Water In Pennsylvania ttp: //community. nasdaq. com/News/2012 -04/new-epa-results-fracking-has -not-contaminated-water-inpennsylvania. aspx? storyid=132560#ixzz 2 E 6 i. TR 9 X 3 EPA and Texas: EPA to Range Resources: Drill Away http: //stateimpact. npr. org/texas/2012/03/30/epa-to-range-resources-drillaway/ http: //www. americanthinker. com/blog/2013/02/epa_caught_sabotaging_frac king. html#ixzz 2 Kshj 5 k. Sf “Gas. Land”: The (Josh) Fox Theater of the Absurd - Tom Shepstone http: //eidmarcellus. org/blog/fox-the-charlatan/4116/ How We Operate – Chevron -59 http: //www. chevron. com/deliveringenergy/naturalgas/shalegas/howweopera

Bibliography (4) UT Charles Groat Energy Institute http: //blogs. sacurrent. com/index. php/staff/lead-author-of-ut-fracking-studytakes-industry-money/ Water in a Cheasapeak Well: http: //www. hydraulicfracturing. com/Water-Usage/Pages/Information. aspx Water in an Olympic Pool: http: //wiki. answers. com/Q/How_many_gallons_of_water_are_in_an_Olympi c_swimming_pool Al Gore’s conflicts of Interests http: //www. businessinsider. com/al-gores-2009 -7 http: //www. wri. org/about/board/al-gore -60 -

Questions? Comments? …In My Backyard Prairie Chickens -61 -

Dedication For Andrew Breitbart Steve Campbell - 2012 Steve Campbell - January, 2012 Ego narro verum ut bovis fimus. Naro verum ut bovis fimus. -62 -