Energy Notes ENERGY the ability to do work

Energy Notes

ENERGY - the ability to do work or cause change. Joules is a unit of work equal to one newton-meter. ** You can think of work as the transfer of energy ** The two general kinds of energy: Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy **Every chemical reaction involves a change of energy. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy.

KINETIC ENERGY - the energy of motion **Kinetic Energy of an object depends on both mass and velocity. **Kinetic energy increases as mass increases. Kinetic energy increases when velocity increases. Kinetic Energy = (Mass x Velocity 2) / 2 POTENTIAL ENERGY - energy that is stored and held in readiness (potential to do work)

Roller Coaster Ride

Roller Coaster Ride • 1. Very top of the hill: Potential Energy • 2. Car Falls: Potential Energy is turning into Kinetic Energy (Halfway – half potential energy, half kinetic energy) • 3. Very bottom: Kinetic Energy • 4. Halfway up the next hill: half potential energy, half kinetic energy) • Remember: some energy is released as sound, movement (vibration), and heat.

Pendulum • Potential Energy: the greatest amount of potential energy at each end of its swing. • Kinetic Energy: the greatest amount of kinetic energy when it is exactly in the middle of swinging • Remember: As the pendulum moves, it encounters friction at the pivot of the string and from the air through which it moves. Mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy.

Ball slows down Ball speeds up

POP Quiz • Potential Energy or Kinetic Energy 1. A woman runs to catch the bus. 2. A leaf hangs from a tree, about to fall 3. A runner stands in a lunge, waiting for the starting gun 4. A Frisbee flies across the playing field after being thrown • 5. A child sits on a sled at the top of a hill • 6. Someone releases a balloon that has been filled with air, and it deflates and flies away • •

Mechanical Energy - the energy associated with the motion or position of an object. This type can occur as kinetic or potential. Thermal Energy - the total energy of the particles in a substance or material. When thermal energy of an object increases, its particles move faster, making the temperature of the object rise. These particles have both potential energy and kinetic energy. .

Chemical Energy - potential energy stored in CHEMICAL BONDS that hold chemical compounds together. For example, the food you eat contains chemical energy, and your body stores this energy until you use it when you work or play. Radiant Energy: is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Sunshine is radiant energy, which provides the fuel and warmth that make life on Earth possible.

Electrical Energy - the energy carried by MOVING ELECTRICAL CHARGES that produce electricity Nuclear Energy - potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and is released during nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission happens in Nuclear power plants. Nuclear fusion happens in the sun and other stars.

Forms of Energy Table http: //www. eia. gov/kids/energy. cfm? page=about_forms_of_ene rgy-basics Home Learning: Print Table