Energy How do cells obtain and use energy

Energy!! How do cells obtain and use energy?

ATP n Adenosine Tri Phosphate n A cell’s form of chemical energy n Used as energy ‘currency’

n ATP ADP n ADP – Adenosine Di Phosphate n Chemical bonds contain energy, when those bonds are broken energy is released

n Overview of the energy cycle

Photosynthesis n What does a plant take in? (reactants) n What does it give to us? (products) n The chemical equation for Photosynthesis n n Light, chlorophyll, and enzymes are involved as well

Some Questions (don’t write) n What is C 6 H 12 O 6 ? n What is Glucose? n What things does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not? n Which of these are used in Photosynthesis?

Pigments n. A pigment is a substance that absorbs and/or reflects light n Chlorophyll – Green pigment found in chloroplasts n Since Chlorophyll is green, it absorbs energy from all light except from the green portion of the spectrum

n What happens to leaves in the fall? n Besides chlorophyll, plants contain other pigments n Xanthophyll – yellow pigment n Carotene – orange pigment

Cellular Respiration n C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O n Compare the equation for CR to the equation for PS n How are they similar? n How are they different? n Occurs mostly in the mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell

1. Glycolysis n Splitting of glucose n in the cytoplasm of the cell n allows two ATP energy release n Also produces pyruvic acid and hydrogen n This is an anaerobic process – No oxygen is required, yet

n Oxidative respiration (steps 2&3) – occurs inside the mitochondria n 2. Krebs cycle – Produces 2 ATP, several hydrogens, and two molecules of CO 2 n Hydrogen released from glycolysis and Krebs goes into the Electron Transport Chain

3. Electron Transport Chain n. H goes through the chain and meets at the end with O n Produces 34 ATP and water – This step releases most of the energy you need Electron Transport Animation

Fermentation- anaerobic n Occurs in yeasts, some bacteria, and animals (including humans) n In yeasts -- The products of glycolysis combine to form ethyl alcohol n The energy from glucose goes into the bonds of the alcohol molecule n Why does alcohol make such a good fuel?

In animal cells. . . n When oxygen is available, cells carry out CR n When we exercise strenuously our cells do not have enough O 2 n Our muscle cells are forced to use lactic acid fermentation

n The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cells is the cause of muscle soreness n “Feel the burn!!!” n When the oxygen level returns the lactic acid is converted back to pyruvic acid.

Energy Foldable n Layered Foldable with flaps for PS, CR, and Fermentation. n Include • The formulas and elements involved • ATP and how it is involved with PS, CR and Fermentation • Where each process occurs in a cell • If and how the processes are connected • Pretty colors and pictures