Energy from Organic Fuels Coal Petroleum Natural Gas

  • Slides: 25
Download presentation
Energy from Organic Fuels Coal, Petroleum & Natural Gas, and Biomass

Energy from Organic Fuels Coal, Petroleum & Natural Gas, and Biomass

I can… • Explain how changes in human societies have changed the demand for

I can… • Explain how changes in human societies have changed the demand for energy. • Describe the structure of organic fuels.

The Need for Energy The storage, transfer and conversion of energy are the driving

The Need for Energy The storage, transfer and conversion of energy are the driving forces behind all life on earth. Almost all energy on Earth originated at the sun. Fuel is any substance from which energy can be obtained.

Other than lightning, electricity is not a form of energy that is common in

Other than lightning, electricity is not a form of energy that is common in nature. Electricity is generated by the conversion of other forms of energy.

Who are the biggest consumers of energy? China (as of July 18, 2010) The

Who are the biggest consumers of energy? China (as of July 18, 2010) The United States The European Union

Law of Conservation of Energy “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. ” Energy

Law of Conservation of Energy “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. ” Energy can be converted, stored, or transferred (heat steam electrical)

Change of Energy Demands Hunter-Gatherer Societies: light, heat, cooking Agricultural: land maintenance, manufacturing of

Change of Energy Demands Hunter-Gatherer Societies: light, heat, cooking Agricultural: land maintenance, manufacturing of farm equipment Industrial: production, distribution, marketing

Hydrocarbons • Organic fuels were once part of living organisms. • Examples: methane, and

Hydrocarbons • Organic fuels were once part of living organisms. • Examples: methane, and octane.

Hydrocarbons compound composed of hydrogen and carbon all hydrocarbons in a chain, except methane

Hydrocarbons compound composed of hydrogen and carbon all hydrocarbons in a chain, except methane many organic fuels contain other chemicals, including sulfur or lead compounds (contribute to pollution, although may increase usable energy)

Fossil Fuels • The ancient organisms that provide our fuel today used energy from

Fossil Fuels • The ancient organisms that provide our fuel today used energy from plants and microorganisms that obtained energy from the sun. • This energy was passed through the food chain. • When the organisms died, the energy was stored in their cells. • If they did not decay, it remained stored.

 • The energy stored within the cells of organisms is used today as

• The energy stored within the cells of organisms is used today as fossil fuels. • Examples of fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

I Can… • List the stages of coal formation and describe the characteristics of

I Can… • List the stages of coal formation and describe the characteristics of each stage. • Locate the major coal deposits on a map of the US.

Coal • Formation occurs in stages over millions of years. • Each stage has

Coal • Formation occurs in stages over millions of years. • Each stage has less hydrogen and oxygen and the carbon becomes more concentrated. • As the carbon level increases so does the amount of energy that can be given off by burning it.

Coal remains of land plants in swampy areas covered by sediment heat, pressure, dehydration

Coal remains of land plants in swampy areas covered by sediment heat, pressure, dehydration (metamorphic)

Peat = lots of water, low carbon, smoky when burned Lignite = moderate water,

Peat = lots of water, low carbon, smoky when burned Lignite = moderate water, 40% carbon Bituminous coal = low water, 85% carbon, most abundant in US (therefore, produces largest amt. of electricity) Anthracite coal = trace water, 95% carbon, burns hot with little smoke, most expensive

I Can… • Describe the processes of petroleum formation and extraction. • List several

I Can… • Describe the processes of petroleum formation and extraction. • List several uses for petroleum and natural gas.

Petroleum & Natural Gas • Petroleum, also called crude oil, is a liquid fossil

Petroleum & Natural Gas • Petroleum, also called crude oil, is a liquid fossil fuel. • Fossil fuel in the gaseous state is called natural gas. • Nonrenewable • At times, natural gas is burned off as a by-product of petroleum drilling and processing.

Petroleum & Natural Gas formed from organisms living in shallow seas, covered by sediments

Petroleum & Natural Gas formed from organisms living in shallow seas, covered by sediments pressure + heat = liquid fossil fuel usually found with water and natural gas in porous rock between non-porous rock (shale) gas, diesel, fuel oil, grease, lubricants, asphalt, nylon, polyester, plastic

Natural Gas Primary component is methane. Pros: burns clean, inexpensive, usually a bi-product of

Natural Gas Primary component is methane. Pros: burns clean, inexpensive, usually a bi-product of petroleum drilling (no extra effort in this case). Cons: other methods of extraction may negatively impact organisms and the environment

I Can… • Describe some of the problems associated with the use of fossil

I Can… • Describe some of the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. • Compare biomass fuels to fossil fuels and give an example of a bioconversion technique.

Problems What are some problems with fossil fuels? Availability (Non-renewable) Pollution (20% increase in

Problems What are some problems with fossil fuels? Availability (Non-renewable) Pollution (20% increase in CO 2 in 150 years) Dangerous to obtain (combustible, suffocation)

Organic Alternative BIOMASS (look out the window!) From living organisms; includes garbage, methane, alcohol

Organic Alternative BIOMASS (look out the window!) From living organisms; includes garbage, methane, alcohol & wood Bioconversion: organic materials fuels (plants alcohol) Unlike other examples, this is renewable

Alternative Fuels • Wood: lots of smoke, high in carbon dioxide, damaging to forests

Alternative Fuels • Wood: lots of smoke, high in carbon dioxide, damaging to forests • Garbage: some cities already use garbage as a fuel source. They burn it to heat up water and use the steam to turn turbines to create the power. • Methane: being used from swamps and dumps to be used like natural gas. • Alcohol: conversion of organic materials into fuel, plants make alcohol (corn sugarcane, sunflower and peanuts), creates ethanol