ENERGY FLOW Where does the Energy Go fig

ENERGY FLOW: Where does the Energy Go? (fig 34. 2, 34. 3)

Laws of Thermodynamics… l 1. Energy is neither created or destroyed, only transferred l 2. With every transfer, some energy is lost to HEAT (or other less available form of energy)

BIOTIC COMPONENTS of an ECOSYSTEM PRODUCERS (produce food) Chemoautotrophs- bacteria that use inorganic chemicals like ammonia, nitrites, sulfides to make food) Photoautotrophs-use energy from the sun…produce most of the organic nutrients for the biosphere CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS (consume food) Need a preformed souce of organic nutrients (Break down dead organic matter) VALUABLE- release inorganic nutrients for plants to take up Consumers can be : Primary/Secondary/ Tertiary (See next) Ex- nonphotosynthetic bacteria, fungi DETRITUS= partially decomposed matter in the water or soil What does each arrow represent?

Kinds of Consumers l Scavengers l Primary/1 st level l Secondary/ 2 nd level l Tertiary/ 3 rd level

l Herbivore : Feed on grass and other plants Primary Consumers l Carnivore : Eat animals l Carnivores that eat Herbivores Secondary Consumers l Carnivores that eat other carnivores Tertiary Consumers l Omnivore : Eat both plants and animals.

FOOD CHAINS… l Food Chains show matter and energy move through an ecosystem

A weakness in the chain… l Food chains can only have up to about 5 links … Why? l because the animals at the end of the chain would not get enough nutrients and energy. l So…most animals are part of more than one food chain in order to meet their requirements… l This creates…

FOOD WEBS l Interconnected food chains. l They express all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community. l IMPORTANT POINT: l Arrows are drawn from food source to consumers (substitute “eaten by” for arrows)

All food is NOT created equal… l TROPHIC LEVELS: All the organisms that feed at a particular link in a food chain l 10% rule: In general only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is available to the next!!!

Biomass Pyramid l The total amount of living material present in each trophic level (a feeding step in a food chain). NOTE: are there more autotrophs or heterotrophs? WHY?

Pyramid of Numbers Each bar in the pyramid represents the size of the populatoin at that trophic level

Pyramids of Energy l Each bar in the pyramid represents the energy available within that trophic level

Which of the following organisms are producers? 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. 6 7. 7 8. 8 9. 9 10. 0 1. 6 7 1 8 2 5 9 4 3 0

Which of the following organisms are consumers? 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. 6 7. 7 8. 8 9. 9 10. 0 1. 6 6 7 7 1 1 8 2 2 5 5 9 4 4 3 3 0 0

Which of these are primary consumers? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 6 7 1 8 2 5 9 4 3 0

Name That Feeder

I can be found on the side of the road picking at the carcass of dead animals (road kill). What am I? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Autotroph Scavenger Carnivore Heterotroph Producer Omnivore Consumer Herbivore

I can be found playing in grassy fields consuming an abundance of lush green grass and pretty little flowers. Although my diet appears boring, is practically all I ever eat. What am I? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Autotroph Decomposer Carnivore Heterotroph Producer Omnivore Consumer Herbivore

I am a large scary looking creature with sharp claws and fangs that help me capture and devour my unsuspecting prey. What am I? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Autotroph Decomposer Carnivore Heterotroph Producer Omnivore Consumer Herbivore

When I go out to a restaurant I often begin my meal with a lovely fresh salad prior to my feast of meaty, flavorful baby back ribs. What am I? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Autotroph Decomposer Carnivore Heterotroph Producer Omnivore Consumer Herbivore

I always get to go “out” to eat. Unfortunately, the menu only changes on cloudy days. Without me, however, none of you would be here. What am I? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Autotroph Decomposer Carnivore Heterotroph Producer Omnivore Consumer Herbivore

I am loved by some as a food source. However, in my natural environment, I can be seen consuming dead organic materials in order to return the nutrients back to the soil. What am I? 1. Autotroph 2. Decomposer 3. Carnivore 4. Producer 5. Omnivore 6. Consumer 7. Herbivore

If the insect in the food chain became extinct, who would suffer the most 1. Fox 2. Snake 3. Mice 4. frog 5. rabbit

Who in the food chain is sometimes a primary consumer and at other times a secondary consumer 1. Fox 2. Snake 3. Mice 4. frog 5. rabbit

The highest feeding level represented in this energy pyramid 1. First level consumer 2. Primary produces 3. Fourth level consumer 4. Third level consumer

We are the autotrophs 1. P T 2. R W S 3. U U 4. T V R 5. S 6. Q Q P 7. V 1 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

An omnivore T 1. T 2. S W S 3. W U 4. R 5. U V R 6. P 7. Q 1 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 5 Q P 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Strictly an herbivore 1. R T 2. U W S 3. T 4. V U V R Q P 1 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

The black arrows in the diagram represent : 1. Heat loss 2. Energy loss 3. Support of the 10% rule 1 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20