ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM BY DEEPTI VATS ECOSYSTEM

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM BY DEEPTI VATS

ECOSYSTEM An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non- living components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil) , interacting as a system. Ecosystem is the structural and functionality biosphere. Ecosystem is self-regulatory and self-sustaining. unit of

ATMOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE BIOSPHERE ECOSYSTEM HYDROSPHERE

. FATE OF INCIDENT SOLAR ENERGY Sun is the ultimate source of energy in all ecosystem , except in deep hydrothermal ecosystem. Only 50% of the solar energy incident over earth is PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation). Of this only 2 -5% is captured by photosynthetic organism.

Incident Solar Radiation Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) 50% Absorbed by gases , vapor Reflected by clouds 50% Captured during Photosynthesis (Gross Primary Productivity) 2 -5% Loss in Respiration 0. 2 -1% Net Primary Productivity 0. 8 -4%

FOOD CHAIN VS FOOD WEB Energy flow in ecosystem through Food Chain and Food Web Source : www. goodrichscience. com

FOOD CHAIN VS FOOD WEB Food Chain Single linear pathway Each organism occupy single trophic level Separate and isolated food chains increases the instability of the ecosystem No effect on improving the adaptability and competitiveness of the organisms Food Web Interconnected food chains. Each organism occupy many trophic level Stability of the ecosystem increases by the presence of complex food webs Improves the adaptability and competitiveness of the organisms

10% LAW of ENERGY TRANSFER 10% energy transfer law in the food chain is put forth by Lindeman. The law states that during the transfer of energy in an ecosystem, only about ten percent of the of energy is available to the next trophic level. The remaining 90% of the energy captured from the previous trophic level is lost as heat to the environment during transfer, broken down in respiration, or lost to incomplete digestion by higher trophic levels.

Schematic Diagram of Ten Percent Law Heat Loss 1000 J Heat Loss 10 J *1 Source 1 insectofscotland. com 2 images 2. onionstatic. com 3 www. sciencemag. org 1 J *2 *3

ENERGY PYRAMID A pyramid of energy depicts the energy flow form one trophic level to another trophic level in the food chain. Energy flow is from environmental sunlight to producers, producers to primary consumers, primary consumers to secondary consumers and so on. So there is decrease in useful energy as we go high up in food chain. Thus Energy Pyramid is always upright.

Source : Slideshare. net

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