ENERGY FLOW 1 FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS

ENERGY FLOW 1

FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS Food Chains & Food Webs 2

OBJECTIVES Students will use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. 3

WHAT ARE WE LEARNING? Benchmark: ü SC. 912. L. 17. 9 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. AA 4

ESSENTIAL QUESTION The transfer of energy in an ecosystem is referred to as “energy flow”, and not “energy cycling”. Explain. 5

“TROPH” – TO NOURISH Autotroph are producers that make their own food. Heterotrophs are consumers that must eat food to obtain energy. 6

“VORE” - TO EAT Herbivore - a plant eater Carnivore - an organism that obtains nutrients from the blood or flesh of an animal Omnivore - an organism which eats both plant and animal matter Detritivore - a consumer that obtains its nutrients from detritus Decomposer – break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms. 7

FOOD CHAIN A food chain is the series of organisms showing feeding relationships. A food chain usually begins with a green plant (producer) which is eaten by an animal (consumer). The arrow means 'is eaten by', and shows the flow of energy along the food chain. Producer -> Consumer 1 -> Consumer 2 -> Consumer 3 -> Herbivore Carnivore 8

FOOD WEB A network of interrelated food chains in a given area 9

PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS Producer – Usually plants that produce their own food by photosynthesis. Primary Consumer – Herbivores that eat plants. Secondary Consumer Carnivores that eat herbivores. Tertiary Consumer Carnivores which eat other carnivores. Apex Predators which have no predators are at the top of the food chain. 10

TROPHIC LEVEL A trophic level is each level in a food chain. 11

TROPHIC LEVELS First trophic level = producers Second trophic level = primary consumer Third trophic level = secondary consumer Fourth trophic level = tertiary consumer 12

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: LET’S GUESS THE ORDER OF THE TROPHIC LEVELS TOGETHER… Trophic Level 2 Trophic Level 4 Trophic Level 3 Trophic Level 1 13

Number Pyramid THREE TYPES OF PYRAMIDS Energy Pyramid 14 Biomass Pyramid

10% RULE When one animal feeds off another, only about 10% of the available energy is transferred. There is a loss of energy in the form of heat in the process. Additional loss of energy occurs during respiration and movement of the organisms before they are eaten. More and more energy is lost as one moves up through trophic levels. 15

FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS ACTIVITY Demonstrate your understanding of how energy flows through ecosystems by independently completing the Food Chains and Food Webs Activity. 16

FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS BLOCK 2 Energy Flow within Ecosystems 17

WHAT ARE WE LEARNING? Benchmark: ü SC. 912. L. 17. 9 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. AA 18

OBJECTIVES Students will use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. 19

Cycles of Matter Day 3

Objectives Explain the movement of matter through the water and the carbon cycles.

What are we learning? SC. 912. E. 7. 1 – Analyze the movement of matter and energy through the different biogeochemical cycles, including water and carbon

Essential Question Analyze the movement of carbon and water through their respective cycles. Compare and contrast the movement of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem.

Catalyst We discussed how energy flows through ecosystems. Do you think nutrients flow? If not, what happens to them?

Review: Energy Flow Energy flows in one direction and is converted to different forms

Flow of Matter Remember that matter is physical “Stuff” (are elements matter? ) Matter is recycled – it is not used up! Biogeochemical cycle: the process of recycling matter

Flow of Matter Organisms Think transform matter, not use it about oxygen – it could be the same oxygen that the dinosaurs were breathing

Hydrologic Cycle Better known as the water cycle!

Vocab for Water cycle: Evaporation: water becomes atmospheric gas Transpiration: evaporation from leaves Condensation: atmospheric gas cools and becomes clouds Precipitation: any form of water that falls from the sky Run-off: water that is not absorbed and runs off into larger bodies of water

What is a nutrient? Nutrients are chemical substances that organisms need to live Nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment through cycles

Carbon Cycle Why is carbon important? Calcium carbonate in your bones Plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis What else needs carbon? About 45 pounds of the average adult male is carbon!

Carbon Cycle In the atmosphere, carbon exists as Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Oceans store carbon How does it get there? Volcanoes and fires Animal Respiration Humans (burning fossil fuels -- factories, cars, etc. )

Carbon Cycle Plants absorb CO 2 and use it in photosynthesis The absorbed CO 2 is used to create carbohydrates for the plants These carbohydrates are passed along to animals as they eat them The animals can then use the carbohydrates as an energy source Carbon is stored underground as fossil fuels as living organisms are broken down

Carbon Dioxide Plants (photosynthesis) Carbohydrates in plants animals eat the plants use the carbohydrates for energy When organisms die, carbon from their body is decomposed and stored in the earth released into the atmosphere are carbon dioxide Wood burned 1, 000 years ago to warm a hut produced CO 2 which through photosynthesis became the salad you should have eaten for dinner last night