Energy environment justice Chris Greacen Sheila Bijoor Palang
Energy, environment, justice Chris Greacen Sheila Bijoor Palang Thai www. palangthai. org
Outline • Problems – Global warming (only part of the “energyenvironment crisis”) • Causes • Impacts • Solutions? – Saving energy – Renewable energy
Getting hotter: 1000 years of global temperature
Global temperature dramatically increases, especially during the last decade and scientists predicts the future surface temperature to be… �������� Projections in the next 100 years ในรอบ 1, 000 ปทผานมา During the last 100 years Source: IPCC, 2001 See http//: www. ipcc. ch/present/graphics/2001 syr/small/05. 24. jpg
Greenhouse effect – how greenhouse gases make the world hotter
How the world gets hotter
Carbon Dioxide - The Last 10, 000 years Measurements are shown from ice cores (symbols with different colours for different studies) and atmospheric samples (red lines).
Rising CO 2 – measured since 1958
Man-made CO 2 in 2002 (% of total) Source: IEA
Per Capita CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry, 1996 Thailand (1997): 0. 77
Cumulative CO 2 emissions 1900 -1999 From fossil fuel combustion and land-use change From WRI (Baumert and Kete 2002)
Per capita income (PPP) 1999 From WRI (Baumert and Kete 2002)
The Champagne Glass UNDP, Human Development Report, 1998
Electricity use in Thailand in 2003 Source: Figure 19, Statistical Report Fiscal Year 2003 Power Forecast and Statistics Analysis Department System Control and Operation Division. Report No. SOD-FSSR-0404 -05
Small residential customers use very little
Some effects of climate change… Snow on Mt. Kilmanjaro (Kenya) almost all melted within the past 7 years 1993 (2536) 2000 (2543) Source: IUCN
Polar ice melting Albedo Effect กรนแลนด บรเวณขวโลกเหนอ Ice melting areas Source of picture: bbc. co. uk
Source: Government of South Australia, 2005 See http: //www. climatechange. sa. gov. au/greenhouse. htm
Impacts: flooding & sea-level rise
Impact on Bangladesh of sea rise of 1. 5 meters Source: UNEP/GRID See http//: www. grida. no/climate/vital/33. htm
Apart from CO 2 reduction, adaptation is needed …
Impacts: extreme weather events
Economic impacts -- especially from extreme weather “ 2005 Atlantic hurricane season has clearly been the most active season on record” www. pewclimate. org/hurricanes. cfm#5
Impacts: in parts of the world -- less rain, less crops
Source: BBC UK, 2005; UNEP, 2006 See http//: www. grida. no/climate/vital/32. htm
Climate change used to justify… BIG DAMS • Ecological/social damage from flooding • Decimated fish stocks • Especially impacts rural politically disempowered • (Often does cause climate change)
NUCLEAR • Expensive • Waste deadly for at least 250, 000 years • We can’t figure out how to dispose of waste • Unavoidable weapons linkages
Global warming is only a tiny part of the energy/ecology/society story… • One large shopping mall (average consumption): 10 Megawatt • Pak Mun Dam (average production): 40 Megawatt – Fish stocks decimated – 10 years of protest, 5000 villagers – Communities forcefully relocated
Are there alternatives? … yes… • Save energy • Use clean (renewable) energy
(Real) Buddhist values • Moderation / simplicity • Emphasis on “being” rather than “having”
Energy waste in a typical pumping system
Saving electricity is cheaper than generating it Demand Side Management (saving electricity) Source: The World Bank (1993)
GHGs emissions from household and daily activities ทมา : Australian Greenhouse Office (2003) See http//: www. greenhouse. gov. au/gwci/index. html
Electricity consumption in households Source: www. greenpeace. org
California energy conservation programs save $1000 per family/year
Source: Presentation by Ministry of Energy at Energy Strategy Workshop chaired by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. 28 August 2003
Very little electricity comes from renewables… 0. 6% from Renewable Energy Source: EGAT PDP 2003
Old way Power plant New way Power plant Biomass Wind power Biomass Customers Energy efficient end-use Solar
Reduces air and water pollution Biogas from Pig Farms Produces fertilizer Produces electricity
Biogas from Pig Farms
Korat Waste to Energy - biogas • Uses waste water from cassava to make methane • Produces gas for all factory heat (30 MW thermal) + 3 MW of electricity • Earns high market returns • Developer estimates 300 MW from waste water + 800 MW from wet cake
Korat Waste to Energy - biogas • 3 x 1 MW Jenbacher gas generators
Micro-hydroelectricity Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.
40 k. W micro-hydro generator at Mae Kam Pong
Replacing small diesel generators with renewable energy
Kre Khi village micro-hydro 2003
Kre Khi village Microhydro Estimated power: 500 Watts Head: 8 meters Flow: 20 liters/second Total Installed cost: $2500
E Wi Jo village microhydro Estimated power: 750 Watts Head: 20 meters Flow: 20 liters/second Total installed cost: <$2000
3 k. W Pump as Turbine
Community micro -hydro • Mae Kam Pong village, Chiang Mai • 40 k. W • Community cooperative • Expected gross revenues: $750/month
What to do? • Get informed • Get involved: – Public hearings – Help make alternatives happen – Save energy Meeting to discuss village micro-hydro renewable energy project in Mae Kam Pong Village, Chiang Mai
Thank you! For more information contact: Tel. (+011) 662 -672 -0364 chris@palangthai. org sheila@palangthai. org www. palangthai. org Download presentation slides & documents at: http: //www. palangthai. org/docs/index
- Slides: 73