ENERGY ENERGY RESOURCES 04 June 2010 Energy Resources
- Slides: 26
ENERGY & ENERGY RESOURCES 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 1
Energy & Energy Resources • Energy flow important in Ecosystems • Energy & energy resources important to economies – Hunter-gatherer – Agricultural – Industrial • Energy & energy resources – Affect environmental choices we make 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 2
Energy & Energy Resources • Sources of energy for the modern industrial economy 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 3
Energy & Energy Resources • Energy use related to – Prosperity – Quality of life • More energy used: more GNP per capita – but, Switzerland, Japan, Denmark, Germany have achieved high GNP using less energy than USA 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 4
Energy & US Economy How we use Energy • Electrical E. • Kinetic E. – lighting (room, street, advertising) – heating & air conditioning – air circulation • Heat E. – transportation • cars • trucks • trains • airplanes – residential & commercial buildings – hot water – industrial processes 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 5
Energy & US Economy • Electricity • (In)efficiency: 2 nd Law • Efficient when running motors • Blowers, fans, power tools • ~ 75% of energy lost (heat) in generation from coal and “stepping down” to household voltage • Inefficient incandescent light bulbs 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 6
Energy & Energy Resources • Electrical generation sources – – 04 June 2010 Fossil fuels, 66. 6% Nuclear, 15. 2% Hydroelectrical, 16. 0% Renewable sources, 2. 2% Energy Resources. ppt 7
Energy & US Economy • Fossil fuels – Coal – Petroleum • crude oil • tar sands • oil shales – Natural gas 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 8
Energy & US Economy • Coal – Fossilized plant remains, mostly 250300 Million yr old – Abundant – Enough to last ~200 years at present rate of use 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 9
Energy & US Economy • Coal mining – Subsurface mining • Dangerous to miners – Strip mining • Destroys surface landscape • Acid drainage 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 10
Energy & US Economy • Electrical generation from coal – Source, quality of coal – Emissions – Ash disposal 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 11
Energy & US Economy • Petroleum • crude oil • tar sands • oil shales • Production • transport • Consumption 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 12
Energy & US Economy • Crude oil refined to: – fuel • gasoline • diesel – lubricants • motor oil, etc. – asphalt paving – plastics • Refineries locations • By-products 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 13
Energy & US Economy • Oil production – When will we run out ? • Hubbert’s prediction • World reserves 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 14
Energy & US Economy • Other uses for petroleum – Plastics, solvents, asphalt, rubber 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 15
Energy & US Economy • Reducing petroleum demand – Fuel efficiency • C. A. F. E. standards – Alternate transportation 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 16
Energy & US Economy • Natural gas – Clean burning • CO 2 • H 2 O – Difficult & dangerous to store and transport • Pipelines • Liquid natural gas 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 17
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Nuclear energy 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 18
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Nuclear power for electrical generation 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 19
Energy & US Economy 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 20
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Biomass energy • Wood • Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) • Vegetable oil – Land dedicated to biomass production • Unavailable for food • Nutrient depletion 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 21
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Hydroelectric energy – Dams • alter river systems • risk of failure – Johnstown, PA, May 31, 1889 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 22
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Wind energy 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 23
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Solar energy 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 24
Energy & US Economy • Alternatives to fossil fuels – Hydrogen fuel cells • Used in space capsules, shuttles, International Space Station, since 1960 s • Strip hydrogen atoms of electrons – Electrons flow (current) – Protons pass through membrane – Waste = water vapor 04 June 2010 Energy Resources. ppt 25
Energy Conservation • Drive less – Carpool – MARTA – Walk, bike • Drive a more efficient car • Use stairs • Recycle 04 June 2010 • Make home more energy efficient – Insulate, weatherstrip – Turn thermostat down in winter, up in summer • Buy locally grown food • Buy locally produced goods Energy Resources. ppt 26
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