Energy accounts in the Netherlands Statistics Netherlands Sjoerd

Energy accounts in the Netherlands Statistics Netherlands Sjoerd Schenau

Introduction • What are the energy accounts ? • New approach in the Netherlands • Some results • What can we do with the energy accounts ? • Energy accounts in SEEA • Conclusions

What are energy accounts ? § Material flow accounts (MFA): part of the environmental accounts § Hybrid material flow accounts: physical and monetary supply and use tables § Complete overview of all energy flows that occur within a national economy

Why make energy accounts ? § Energy essential for all economic activities § Integrated framework comaprison macroeconomic parameters, international comparibility § Produce data for National Accounts § Indicators, analyses § Compilation of air emission accounts

1) Flows from the environment to the eco Extraction Economy imports Environment

2) Flows within the economy

3) Flows from the economy to environment Economy Air emissions exports

Source data 1. Energy statistics (energy balances) 2. National accounts (production statistics, foreign trade statistics) 3. Price information 4. Additional data: transport statistics etc.

Methodology: overview Energy balances Simplified physical supply and use tables Price information Production accounts Monetary supply and use tables Energy accounts (physical and monetary) National Accounts

Step 1: Construction of physical supply and use Tables § Harmonisation of classifications § Harmonization of concepts § Harmonizing imports and exports

Step 2: Construction of monetary supply and use Tables Quantity x price = value • Price information needed • Information on taxes and margins Balancing supply and use

Step 3: Finalising energy accounts – Balancing the physical supply and use tables – Prepare tables for publication

Advantages q Consistent monetary and physical data q Integration into National accounts: better quality of the monetary data Disadvantages q Loss of price information ? q Revision policy National Accounts

The Tables 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Monetary supply table Physical sypply table (kg and PJ) Monetary use table Physical use tabel (kg and PJ) Physical final use Table (PJ)

Supply Table (2003) Coal etc. PJ Domestic production Crud e oil Natur al gas Moto rfuel s PJ PJ PJ Other oilprod ucts PJ Elec tricit y Steam and hot water PJ PJ Total mln euro Mining and quarrying 0 133 2415 0 0 2548 11754 Manufacture of petroleum products 0 0 0 857 1678 3 9 2547 14336 Manufacture of basic chemicals and man-made fibres 0 2 0 0 408 2 10 422 1896 Manufacture of basic metals 9 0 0 0 23 1 0 34 82 Other manufacturing 0 0 0 4 3 7 12 Electricity, gas and water supply 0 0 0 293 135 428 21016 Wholesale trade (excl. motor vehicles/cycles) 0 0 0 52 13 0 0 66 398 Sewage and refuse disposal services 0 0 0 8 11 19 193 639 2455 526 310 1050 75 0 5055 22522 Imports Taxes and margins Total 649 2590 2941 1219 3173 386 169 11126 11031 83240

Use Table (2003) Coal etc. Intermediate use PJ Crude oil PJ Natur al gas PJ Mot orfu els PJ Other oilpro ducts PJ Elect ricity PJ Steam and hot water PJ Total mln euro PJ Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 124 2 34 14 13 188 1630 Mining and quarrying 0 1 228 1 1 10 7 248 1167 Manufacture of petroleum products 0 2316 38 38 303 3 0 2700 12240 Manufacture of basic chemicals and man-made fibres 7 217 188 3 645 33 96 1189 6111 124 0 17 0 4 31 0 176 663 3 0 158 13 27 66 17 284 2919 267 0 408 0 64 19 13 770 12848 Construction 3 0 4 6 18 2 0 32 417 Trade, hotels, restaurants and repair 0 0 72 16 64 43 4 199 2428 Transport, storage and communication 0 0 7 110 267 13 0 397 3729 Financial and business activities 0 0 25 42 0 16 2 85 1465 General government 0 0 36 11 6 17 0 70 1042 Care and other service activities 0 0 61 10 0 20 10 101 1455 Manufacture of basic metals Other manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Consumption of households Exports changes in stock (retail) 0 0 335 247 4 84 7 678 14454 245 57 1241 711 1753 15 0 4022 20726 0 -1 0 7 -20 0 0 -14 -54 Totaal 649 2590 2941 1219 3173 386 169 11126 83240

(Final) Use Table (2003) Intermediate use Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacture of petroleum products Manufacture of basic chemicals and man-made fibres Manufacture of basic metals Other manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Trade, hotels, restaurants and repair Transport, storage and communication Financial and business activities General government Care and other service activities Consumption of households Exports Changes in stock (retail) Totaal Coal etc. Crude oil Natur al gas PJ PJ PJ Motor fuels PJ Other oilpro ducts PJ Elect ricity Steam and hot water PJ PJ losses due to conver sion Total PJ 0 0 124 2 34 14 20 0 195 0 0 36 1 1 10 7 0 56 0 0 9 7 80 9 21 64 190 2 0 142 3 407 38 116 24 731 66 0 15 0 13 31 4 14 143 3 0 112 13 24 83 46 9 291 0 0 20 5 353 381 3 0 4 6 18 2 0 0 32 0 0 72 16 1 29 4 0 122 0 0 7 110 267 13 0 0 397 0 0 25 42 0 16 2 0 85 0 0 36 11 6 17 0 0 70 0 0 61 10 0 20 10 40 141 0 0 335 247 4 84 7 678 245 57 1241 711 1753 15 0 4022 0 -1 0 7 -20 0 0 -14 319 56 2220 1187 2591 402 242 505 7522

What can we do with the energy accounts ? § Analyses: Input output, decomposition analyses § Indicators: for example energy intensity § Compilation of Emission accounts

Energy prices (euro/GJ)

Energy intensity

Energy use final demand categories

Energy accounts in SEEA (1) § Part of the MFA § One country example (Denmark) No special treatment for energy accounts

Possible extension of SEEA § General concepts § Data sources needed for the compilation of the energy accounts § Methodological issues: harmonisation of classifications, energy conversion factors, integration of various data sources, compilation of the monetary supply and use tables, etc. § More country examples: South Africa, Germany, Norway, Finland, Australia, The Netherlands, etc. § Treatment of renewable energy § How to use the energy accounts for the compilation of the air emission accounts § Other uses of the energy accounts

Conclusions • Energy accounts provide an consistent statistical framework for energy • Consistent with NA definitions • Provide data for National accounts: quality of data improves • Analyses and indicators

Questions § Are energy accounts part of the environmental accounts ? § Should the energy accounts be discussed in the London Group (or in the Oslo group) ? § Should the SEEA handbook be extended with a special section on energy accounts ?