Enel strategy for zero emission power generation Pietro

Enel strategy for zero emission power generation Pietro Barbucci Enel Research Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e prospettive per l’Italia e l’Ungheria” Budapest, 29 th November 2007

Content § Achievements so far in the environmental field § Increasing the share of CO 2 free power § R&D projects towards Zero Emission Power Generation Ø Solar Power Ø Geothermal Power Ø Zero emission coal generation 2

Enel group 3

Achievements so far in the environmental field 4

Enel commitment to reduce CO 2 emissions Voluntary agreement signed with the Ministeries of Environment and Industry in 2000 Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to 510 g CO 2/k. Wh by 2006 Enel specific emission trend g. CO 2/k. Wh Enel's total emission (Mton) Target 510 618 68 501 56 2000 2005 1990 <500 2005 2006 5

Not only CO 2 Enel’s achievements in pollutant reduction De. NOx ESP / FF De. SOx 6 5, 3 SO 2 5 Dust g/k. Wh 4 3 Flue gas cleaning train NOx 2, 8 Trend 2005 vs 2000: 2, 5 2 0, 9 1 0, 4 0 1990 0, 9 0, 1 2000 0, 6 0, 03 2005 Ø SO 2 - 64% Ø NOx - 33% Ø Dust - 70% Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’ 90 s to improve environmental performance of thermal power plants 6

Increasing the share of CO 2 free power 7

Enel’s renewable capacity Canada 22 MW Hydro, biomass Present capacity ~19. 600 MW Italy 15, 358 MW Hydro, geothermal, wind, solar USA 380 MW Hydro, wind Guatemala 69 MW - Hydro Slovakia 2. 329 MW Hydro Costa Rica 55 MW - Hydro, wind Panama 300 MW - Hydro Brazil 97 MW - Hydro Chile 100 MW - Hydro Spain 900 MW Hydro, wind, cogeneration In the period 2007 -2011 further 1. 700 MW of renewable capacity will be added with a total investment of 3. 3 billion Euros 8

Back to nuclear power Slovenske Elektrarne § Nuclear units for a total of 1760 MWe in operation in Slovakia § Completion of units 3&4 of Mochovce NPP (further 880 MWe) started § EPR – Mo. U with Ed. F for the participation to the Flamanville project for the construction of an EPR unit Mochovce nuclear power station 9

Changing generation mix while reducing CO 2 emissions Enel Italian generation mix 29% 20% 45% § Increasing renewable share Oil and NG Steam Cycles NG CC Coal § Eliminating oil as a fuel 19% § Using NG only in high 50% 9% efficiency CCPP 22% § Building new coal capacity 25% using best available technologies Year 24% 27% 30% 2002 2004 Target 2012 10 Renewables

Enel’s high efficiency NGCC Porto Corsini La Casella Pietrafitta La Spezia Termini Imerese Total capacity ~5. 000 MW Priolo Gargallo 11

Clean Coal Technologies Torrevaldaliga Nord Power Plant 3 units, 2000 MWe § In Italy Enel plans to built 5000 MWe clean coal capacity, substituting existing oil fired or NG fired steam cycles Clean coal plant characteristics: ü Closed coal management system ü = 45% ü extremely low emission levels § These assets need to be preserved in the carbon constrained scenario CCS retrofit technologies required First unit in service: Autumn 2008 12

R & D projects towards Zero Emission Power Generation 13

Enel’s environment and innovation programme Launched September 2006 § Growth in renewables 3, 300 million Euros § Innovation project 800 million Euros The areas The approach » Renewables Lighthouse projects » Energy efficiency using BAT distributed generation » Towards “zero emissions” & hydrogen Demo projects using advanced technologies 14 t

Enel’s environment and innovation programme Renewable energy § Archimede project § Innovative PV project § Low-enthalpy geothermal power § Energy farm Energy efficiency and distributed generation § Innovative tri-generation § Smart grid § Green islands Towards “Zero Emission” and Hydrogen Platform § Innovative combustion § CO 2 post-combustion capture § CO 2 geological sequestration § Hydrogen Park § Hymix for road transport 15

The Archimede project An innovative solar thermodynamic plant 16

Archimede project Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology NG Combined cycle Air Solar thermodynamic plant NG Flue gas Molten salts Steam 550°C 540°C 290°C Steam 540°C To chimney Pump Condenser Pump The integration sheme 17

Archimede project Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology The solar plant will be integrated with Priolo NGCC Project features: § Net power: 4, 7 MWe § Net efficiency: 15, 6% § Mirror field surface: 8 ha § Annual gross production: 9, 7 GWh Virtual view 18

Archimede project Site selection k. Wh/m 2 1750 Priolo Gargallo 1350 Global insolation in Sicily The site has been selected because: Priolo Gargallo site » Combined Cycle Power Plant with steam integrability chance » High Global Insulation: 4, 7÷ 4, 8 k. Wh/(m 2 day) (max Italian value) » » » Constant and predictable climate Not windy Space available for solar field (100 ha) Flat site with 360° free horizon Good auxiliary structures The existing NGCC power plant 19

Innovative PV project 20

Catania PV laboratories Prototype 2 Climatic chambers Meteo station Prototype 1 Solar simulator 21

Catania PV laboratories Concentrated photovoltaic system based on triple-junction cells (Sol 3 g) 22

Adrano PV demonstration site 150 k. W Si-based concentrating technology 420 k. W Multi-junction concentrating technology 300 k. W Flat modules on tracking system 23

Innovating geothermal generation 24

Low enthalpy geothermal project The project Second law efficiency Realization of hybrid demo-plant (geothermal+solar) Identification of a hybrid cycle able to optimize efficiency and power production of low-enthalpy plants 50% 25% Realization of 0. 5 MW binary cycle demo plant § Optimization of cycle configuration in order to achieve high flexibility § Identification of optimal working fluid Current situation Conventional organic binary cycle with 1 or 2 pressure levels 1 year 2 -3 years Time 25

Low enthalpy – Binary plants § For water dominant resources with temperature lower than Condenser 180°C, the binary cycle technology is the most efficient Turbine § The geofluid energy is Generator transferred through a heat exchanger to a secondary fluid Pump that works in a closed ORC cycle § The binary power plants have Injection pump Production well the least environmental impact due to the “confinement” of the geofluid Injection well Geothermal reservoir 26

Binary plants Applications for high enthalpy resources Heat-Recovery secondary cycles: § Bottom-cycle: exploitation of the brine’s thermal energy exiting the flash vessel § Exploitation of the heat of the condensing vapor exiting the atmospheric turbine § Combination of the two solutions as depicted in the figure 27

Sesta experimental station Gas turbine combustor test facility Binary cycle demo plant 28

Zero emission coal generation Demonstrating carbon capture and sequestration technologies 29

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Why § Enel shares the views expressed by the European Institutions and the Zero Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants Technology Platform that: ü Fossil fuels will continue to have a primary role for electricity generation in the decades to come ü Contribution of coal is essential for the security of supply ü Only the implementation of CCS technologies will allow to make the continued use of fossil fuels compatible with the objectives to reduce the GHG emissions in the atmosphere § Enel needs to preserve its current investments in clean coal capacity 30

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) How Post-combustion capture N 2, O 2, H 2 O Fuel Boiler Air Flue gas CO 2 separation CO 2 Oxy-combustion CO 2, (H 2 O) Fuel O 2 (CO 2, H 2 O) recirculation CO 2 Pre-combustion capture Fuel CO 2 treatment and compression Boiler Gasification + H 2, CO 2 gas shift CO 2 separation H 2 GT N 2, O 2, H 2 O Air O 2 31 Transport to storage site

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) What § This is why Enel has decided to take the lead in the development of CCS technologies by: ü Promoting two demo projects in the areas of post-combustion capture and oxy-combustion technologies ü Developing knowledge and looking for cooperation in the area of precombustion technology 32

Content of the presentation » Enel CCS 1 Post-combustion capture and storage demo project » Enel CCS 2 Oxy-coal combustion project » Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC 33

Enel CCS 1 Post-combustion capture and storage demo project 34

Post-combustion capture and storage demo project Project goal To retrofit one large size coal fired unit with CO 2 capture equipment and start CO 2 underground storage by 2012 Enel CCS 1 35

Post-combustion capture and storage demo project Time schedule Design - construction Operation Design - construction Enel CCS 1 Operation 36

Phase 2 –CO 2 capture pilot plant Brindisi coal fired power plant 4 units x 660 MWe Site of CO 2 capture pilot plant Enel CCS 1 37

Phase 2 –CO 2 capture pilot plant Plant specifications Raw gas Process main streams Temperature 50 °C (max) Gas flow rate (wet) 10. 000 Nm 3/h SO 2 < 30 mg/Nm 3 CO 2 removed 2, 25 NO 2 < 40 mg/Nm 3 50 t/h SO 3 < 1 ppmv MEA solution flow rate (20%, w) Low pressure steam 6, 5 t/h Particulate < 2 mg/Nm 3 Cooling water 700 -800 t/h Enel CCS 1 38 t/h

Phase 2 –CO 2 capture pilot plant Project milestones Specification completed Jun 07 Deadline for bids Oct 07 Contract award Dec 07 Start site works Mar 08 Plant completion Dec 08 Plant lay-out Enel CCS 1 39

Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site § Italy has theoretically a significant potential for CO 2 geological storage into deep saline aquifers C § Studies are in progress to evaluate in detail the storage potential in areas A, B and C A B that are the areas surrounding possible sites for the post-combustion capture demo. Studies are carried out by INGV, OGS and other Italian geological Institutes Enel CCS 1 40

Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site Study of Alto Lazio site (area A) MATILDE 1 well Geological Profile Enel CCS 1 41

Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site Study of the South-East Site (area B) Enel CCS 1 42

Phase 5 – Post-combustion demo plant Demo main features Type of Project Retrofit Power generation 660 MWe Primary fuel Bituminous coal Power Generation Tech SC PCC % of flue gas treated 30 -50 % CO 2 Capture Tech Post Combustion Capture with Amine Stored CO 2 1 -1, 5 Mt/y CO 2 Capture rate 85% CO 2 Storage solution Deep saline aquifer Storage location To be decided CO 2 value chain Pure storage Enel CCS 1 Enel will candidate this project for the “European Flagship Programme” 43

Enel CCS 2 Oxy-coal combustion project 44

Oxy-coal combustion project Project goal To build by 2012 a small (35 -70 MWe) zero emission coal fired power plant based on a pressurized oxy-combustion technology already proved at pilot scale Enel CCS 2 45

Oxy-coal combustion project Time schedule Design - construction Operation Design - construction Decision point Enel CCS 2 46 Operation

Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 1 and 2 Modelling for combustor scale-up Tests using coal on the 5 MWth Isotherm pilot plant. ITEA facility in Gioia del Colle Preliminary design of full scale combustor demo Investment decision for Phase 3 November 2007 Good results so far Positive decision expected Enel CCS 2 47

Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo Technical data Combustor power 48 MWt Process pressure 10 bar Fuel coal slurry Boiler pressurized, new design Oxygen cryogenic storage/VSA Oxygen mass flow rate 400 t/d @ 90% purity Steam generation 55 t/h @ 240 bar - 600°C Yearly operating hours 3000 h Enel CCS 2 Milestones Invest decision Nov 07 Detailed Eng May 08 Permitting compl Jun 08 Ground breaking Sep 08 Commissioning Dec 09 48

Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo A. S. U. Oil C. W. F. Preparation Plant C. W. F. Oxygen Storage Control Room Blower Coal Ashes Tanks ISOTHERM Reactor Pressurized Boiler Enel CCS 2 Flue gas treatment 49

Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo Brindisi coal fired power plant 4 units x 660 MWe Site of full scale combustor demo Enel CCS 2 50

Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC 51

Power from Hydrogen The Fusina hydrogen power plant A 12 MWe combined cycle fed by hydrogen produced by petrochemical industries Petrochemical area H 2 piping Project milestones Fusina power plant GT order Mar 07 Combustor tests Sep 07 Start site works Dec 07 Plant completion Dec 09 52

Enel GEM - AT Ricerca Power from Hydrogen The Fusina hydrogen power plant GT combustor tests at Sesta facility Internal view of the GT GE 10 STD combustion chamber Test Rig 53

Enel GEM - AT Ricerca Power from Hydrogen The Fusina hydrogen power plant Results from the first combustor test NOx emissions with steam injection 54

Zero Emission IGCC Enel initiatives § Enel is partner of: ü DYNAMIS, a project funded under the 6 th FP, for a preengineering study of the European ZEIGCC ü DECARBit, a proposal to the 7 th FP currently under negotiation, focused on high-potential, cost-efficient advanced capture techniques in pre-combustion schemes § Enel is looking for cooperation opportunities in demonstrating Zero Emission IGCC technology 55

Thank you for your kind attention 56