Endometriosis Sanja Nainovi Mentor A mega Horvat Definition

Endometriosis Sanja Načinović Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

Definition • endometrial-like cells appear in areas outside the uterine cavity • endometrial-like cells are influenced by hormonal changes

Epidemiology • typically seen during the reproductive years • occurs in roughly 5 -10% of women

Sings and symptoms Pelvic pain Dysmenorrhea Chronic pelvic pain Dyspareunia

Infertility • link between infertility and endometriosis remains enigmatic

Other symptoms • constipation • chronic fatigue • mild to severe fever • headaches • depression • hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) • anxiety

Causes • the exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown • Retrograde menstruation • Coelomic metaplasia • Genetics • Transplantation • Environment

How to diagnose it? • laparotomy • laparoscopy • ultrasound

Co-morbidity • ovarian cancer • non-Hodgkin's lymphoma • leiomyoma • autoimmune disorders • hypothyroidism

Possible locations • ovaries • fallopian tubes • back of the uterus • front of the uterus • uterine ligaments • pelvic and back wall • intestines • urinary bladder and ureters

Staging • Stage I (minimal) • Stage II (mild) • Stage III (moderate) • Stage IV (severe)

Markers • high levels of estrogen • low levels of progesterone • antigen C-125

Treatments 1. hormonal medications - progestins, oral 2. contraceptives, Danazol, aromatase inhibitors other medications - NSAID, Diclofenac

• surgery- excision, hysterectomy, presacral neurectomy