Endogenous rhythmic growth a trait suitable for the
Endogenous rhythmic growth, a trait suitable for the study of interplays between multitrophic interactions and tree development Herrmann S. 1, Grams T. E. E. 2, Tarkka M. T. 1, Angay O. 2, Bacht M. 3, Bönn M. 1, Feldhahn L. 1, Graf M. 4, Kurth F. 1, Maboreke H. 5, Mailander S. 6, Recht S. 1, Fleischmann F. 2, Ruess L. 5, Schädler M. 1, Scheu S. 4, Schrey S. 6, Buscot F. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (Halle, Saale), Technical University Munich, University of Marburg, University of Göttingen, Humboldt University Berlin, University of Tübingen www. Trophin. Oak. de Herrmann et al. 2016, PPEES 19, 40 -48
Trophin. Oak platform: DF 159, a clone of Q. robur shoots + leaves Lateral roots Microcosms At 25°C and a 16/8 day/night light regime oaks display endogenous rhythmic growth with alternating flushes in root and shoots Harmer R 1990, New Phytol 115, 23 -37 Page 2 Synthesis of biotic interactions on rhythmic growing trees in Microcosms Herrmann et al. 2016, PPEES 19, 40 -48
Objectives of Trophin. Oak Herrmann et al. 2016, PPEES 19, 40 -48 SEITE 3
The Trophin. Oak platform: 13 C-labeling chamber Experiment Piloderma und Phytophthora mobile labeling chamber Incubation and labeling with 13 CO 2 Angay et al. (2014) New Phytol. 203: 1282 -1290 SEITE 4 Herrmann et al. 2016, PPEES 19, 40 -48
The Trophin. Oak platform: Oak Contig library DF 159. 1 8 Q. robur DF 159 c. DNA pools 16 normalized Q. robur DF 159 c. DNA pools Oaks genome resources Illumina sequencing 110, 276, 398 trimmed PE reads 454 pyrosequencing (UFZ) 278, 777 trimmed sequences MIRA 454 Oak. Contig. DF 159 assembly Conversion to pseudo. Illumina reads • Merging with INRA Bordeaux RNA Seq library Lesur I et al. (2015) BMC Genomics • Oak genome sequencing by INRA Bordeaux/Genoscope (France) • DF 159 genome re-sequencing by Genoscope Trinity Oak. Contig. DF 159. 1 hybrid assembly 65, 712 contigs 1, 003 bp mean length Tarkka et al. (2013) New Phytol. 199: 529 -540 SEITE 5
Interplay between rhythmic growth & biotic interactions C & N Allocations, RNA Seq Stage A EM / Interactor X 6 different partners Shoot growth cessation Stage B EM Piloderma croceum Root flush RF Swelling bud Stage C Shoot elongation Stage D Shoot flush SF Herrmann et al. 2016, PPEES 19, 40 -48 Page 6 Leaf expansion
Interplays between rhythmic growth, resource shifts and mycorrhizal effects Control P. croceum Endogenous rhythmic growth impacts on C & N allocations during SF (A-B) to RF (C-D) transitions 13 C Excess and 15 N Excess enhanced by P. croceum, but no impact on rhyhmic growth Rhythmic growth not resource driven Sink Leaf Source Leaf-1 Source Leaf-2 Stem Principal Roots Lateral Roots (■) (■) (■) Herrmann et al. (2015) J Exp Bot 66, 7113 -7127
Biotic interactions stimulated by resource shifts during ERG RF Pilo RF SF SF Pilo Phytophthora q. vs. control X Control oaks vs. EM oaks. RF Pilo Root infection measured by DNA q. PCR 7 D after inoculation RF Angay et al. (2014) New Phytol. 203: 1282 -1290 SF Similar patterns with nematodes and mildew SF Pilo • • Caravaca et al. (2015) Soil Biol. Biochem. 82, 65 -73 Mailander et al. unpublished SEITE 8
Interplays between growth flushing and biotic interactions differential gene expression Streptomyces sp. Ac. H 505 (mycorrhization helper bacteria) Poster S 3. 5 by Tarkka et al. Ac. H 505 + P. croceum Piloderma croceum (ectomycorrhiza) SEITE 9 Kurth et al. (2015) BMC Genomics 16 ( art. 658)
Interplay rhythmic growth, mycorrhizal interaction Stage D Stage A Transition to bud rest Stage B Stage C Transition to root rest Control Plants (Co) Piloderma croceum (Pi) SEITE 10 Herrmann et al. J. Exp Bot (2015) 66, 7113 -7127
Core genes regulated during rhythmic growth Up-regulated contigs Differential expression of photoperiod and circadian clock related genes Down-regulated contigs Herrmann et al. J. Exp Bot (2015) SEITE 11
Interplay rhythmic growth # biotic interactions, looking for gene regulation patterns Transcriptome change compared to non-inoculated control plants Herrmann et al. 2016, PPEES 19, 40 -48 SEITE 12
Summary 1. Endogenous rhythmic growth impacts on biotic interactions a. Shifts in below- aboveground resource allocations b. Resource shifts impact on virulence of the interactors c. Rhythmic growth not driven by resources but by internal clock processes 2. Endogenous rhythmic growth interplays with biotic interactions at gene regulation level a. Each biotic partner interplays in both shoot and roots at a specific development phase (RS vs. SF) b. No relation to targeted plant part or interaction type (beneficial vs. detrimental) c. ERG a tool to tackle key (core) genes for both development and interactions SEITE 13
The Trophin. Oak-Phyt. Ometer platform DF 159 enjoying freedom www. Trophin. Oak. de Thank you for your attention! SEITE 14
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