Endocrine System Nursing Care for Diabetes Disorders Pancreas
Endocrine System Nursing Care for Diabetes Disorders
Pancreas • Fish-shaped organ behind stomach • Exocrine (secretes pancreatic juices that are carried to small intestines to aid in digestion) and endocrine gland (produces insulin needed for cells to absorb sugar from the blood) • Insulin – metabolizes sugar • Glucagon – maintains blood level of glucose
Diseases of Pancreas • Diabetes mellitus – Decreased secretion of insulin w/ affects metabolism of carbs, proteins, fats – 2 types of D. M. • Type 1: juvenile onset; thought to be an autoimmune reaction involving genetic and virus factors that destroy parts of the pancreas – More severe, requires insulin injections • Type 2: adult onset; most common in adults over 45, overweight, heredity, certain ethnic groups – Frequently occurs in obese adults and may not be insulin dependent – Controlled w/ diet – Hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, weight loss, fatigue, slow healing of skin infections and vision changes
Caring for Residents with Diabetes • Diabetes must be carefully controlled to prevent complications • Observe all skin for cuts, breaks, bruising, color change and report to nurse • Keep skin clean and dry • Promote mobility, Encourage resident to follow exercise plan • Give good foot care, do not cut toenails • Report any changes in feet to nurse • Report c/o pain in legs immediately • Encourage resident to wear proper shoes • Encourage to follow diet, do not give sugar
Caring for Residents with Diabetes • Report any of the • Any changes in appetite, following to the nurse excessive thirst, fruity odor to breath, weight • Nervousness, or anxiety, change in urine blurred vision, changes output in mobility, dizziness or loss of coordination, • Complaints of urinary numbness or tingling in frequency, burning on the arms and legs urination, urinary urgency • Irritability or confusion • Report if visitors bring snacks or treats
Gestational Diabetes • Gestatational Diabetes occurs during pregnancy • It may go away after the baby is born • The woman is at risk for Type II Diabetes later in life
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