Endocrine System Endocrine System Endocrine glands are composed

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Endocrine System

Endocrine System • Endocrine glands are composed of cells that secrete: – Hormones • amino acid derivatives • peptides and proteins • steroids

• Hormones act by attaching to receptors of specific target cells

• Function of endocrine system: – homeostasis – growth and development

Endocrine Glands • Hypothalamus – oxytocin production – ADH production – production and secretion of regulatory hormones for anterior pituitary

• Pituitary (hypophysis) – posterior pituitary • oxytocin secretion • ADH secretion

• Pituitary (hypophysis) – anterior pituitary • Tropic hormones – TSH – ACTH – Gonadotropins: FSH, LH • Prolactin • Growth hormone

– all anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by hypothalamic hormones – regulation dependent upon hypophyseal portal system

• Thyroid Gland

• Thyroid Gland – T 4 and T 3: released by thyroid follicles – calcitonin: released by C cells

• Parathyroid glands

• Parathyroid glands – PTH

• Adrenal Gland

– Adrenal cortex • mineralocorticoids • glucocorticoids • adrenal androgens – Adrenal medulla • E and NE

• Endocrine pancreas – Islets of Langerhans • glucagon: from alpha cells • insulin: from beta cells • somatostatin: from delta cells

• Pineal gland – melatonin • Heart – ANP • Kidney – renin – EPO

• Thymus Gland – thymosin

• Reproductive System – Testes • testosterone • inhibin – Ovaries • estrogens • progesterone

Endocrine Disorders • Acromegaly

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Acromegaly • Gigantism

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Acromegaly • Gigantism • Pituitary Dwarfism

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Goiter

Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s disease

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Cretinism

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Cushing’s disease

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Cushing’s disease • Addisons disease

Endocrine Disorders, continued • Type I diabetes • Type II diabetes