ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 1 2 MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES EXOCRINE GLANDS

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 1

2

MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES EXOCRINE GLANDS: FROM 1. Have no ducts. 2. A vascular net is developed well. (Old name: "ductless glands", "bloody glands"). 3. Capillaries have the special structure: a) sine wave type; b) an endothelia membrane joins to the cells of gland directly. 4. They select increts (hormones). 3 "Hormao" –– excite.

Other features: 1. Mass of gland very little in relation to a body. (Example: Less than 100 gr. in human body) 2. Physiological activity is ever-higher. 3. (Example: 1 gram. of insulin decreases sugar concentration in a blood in 125 000 rabbits). 4. Influence on all organism on the whole. 5. Topographically disjoined. 6. They have different origins. 7. Their secretions are blown through have chemical nature. 8. Their action is purposeful. 9. Distances operate. 4

Function communication • Regulate to the functions and manage processes in an organism with the nervous system together. • The nervous system innervate endocrine organs. The endocrine system influences on activity of the nervous system. • There is crampon connection between Nervous & Endocrine & Immune SYSTEMS 5

Differences of the nervous and endocrine systems: neurotransmitters Realization through hormones are which formed the chemical sent in a blood, under influencing matters lymph, tissue of electric impulse All cells of muscles, glands, organism Cell-targets nervous cells (bodies of cells) Time of activating from seconds (to beginning of to hours and milliseconds effect) days Duration of action short long (effect) 6

TYPES OF HORMONAL RECEPTION: 1. Intra cells (through RNA and DNA & alteration of cell metabolism). 2. Superficial membrane (perception by a receptor & formation of hormone-receptor complex & formed ATP hormonal mediator & influence on the enzymes of cells & alteration of cellmetabolism). 7

The mode of hormone influence: 1. Metabolic (influence on an exchange); 2. Morphogenic (stimulation of morphosynthetic processes; differentiation; growth; metamorphoses); 3. Kinetic (including or exception of certain activity of executive branches); 4. Correcting (change of intensity of function of organs and tissues). 8

Paracrine organs Heart Liver Hypothalamus Kidney Stomach Ureter Their increts operate in city, because decompose quickly by the enzymes of blood. They are prostoglandins according chemical nature. 9

Localization of hormone secret structures Stomach like A (remind the Аcells of pancreas, producing glucagons) like Д (remind Д are cells of pancreas EG Duodenum Pancreas EG like A Hormons glucagone Д Д 1 Д Д A function not is set. Possibly, produce a brake factor (vasoactiv intestinal polypeptide) Д 1 Д 1 A function not is set. Possibly, relate to freeing of gastrin G (gastric) G G glucagon S produce secretin A function while not clears; probably cholecystokinin-pancreozymin ЕС (entero chrome) 10 Serotonin, motilin In Histamin Insulin