Endocrine control of osmolarity Antidiuretic hormone ADH Aldosterone

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Endocrine control of osmolarity Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Endocrine control of osmolarity Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Osmoregulation: ADH • • Induces H 2 O conservation Released from posterior pituitary Peptide

Osmoregulation: ADH • • Induces H 2 O conservation Released from posterior pituitary Peptide hormone Activates kidney cells to increase water pores on membrane surface inside collecting duct • Net effect: water conservation

Figure 45. 6 a Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Figure 45. 6 a Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Osmoregulation: Vasopressin (ADH)

Osmoregulation: Vasopressin (ADH)

Osmoregulation: Aldosterone • Induces Na+ conservation • Synthesized and released from adrenal cortex •

Osmoregulation: Aldosterone • Induces Na+ conservation • Synthesized and released from adrenal cortex • Steroid hormone (moves in and out of cells by diffusion) • Acts on kidney cells to increase production of Na+ membrane channels and Na+/K+ pumps

Osmoregulation: Aldosterone

Osmoregulation: Aldosterone

Osmoreg. : Atrial natriuretic peptide • Induces Na+ and water excretion • Released from

Osmoreg. : Atrial natriuretic peptide • Induces Na+ and water excretion • Released from the heart when plasma volume is high • Peptide hormone • Acts on the kidney to increase Na+ & water excretion, mechanisms not well understood • Also act as antagonist to vasopressin and aldosterone

Aldosterone & ADH effects on Os. M • If aldosterone rises Os. M increases

Aldosterone & ADH effects on Os. M • If aldosterone rises Os. M increases or decreases? • If ADH rises Os. M increases or decreases?

Endocrine control of basal metabolic rate - thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Endocrine control of basal metabolic rate - thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Figure 45. 6 b Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Figure 45. 6 b Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Thyroid hormones - amines from thyroid that regulate BMR

Thyroid hormones - amines from thyroid that regulate BMR

Thyroid hormone control and function Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Thyroid glands

Thyroid hormone control and function Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Thyroid glands

Indicate whether level is increased, decreased or no change hypothalamus anterior pituitary thyroid gland

Indicate whether level is increased, decreased or no change hypothalamus anterior pituitary thyroid gland Primary thyroid tumor hypersecreting Secondary hypothalamic atrophy due to local stroke Iodine deficiency TRH TRH TSH TSH T 3 & thyroxine metabolic rate

Endocrine response to stress - epinephrine and norepinephrine - cortisol

Endocrine response to stress - epinephrine and norepinephrine - cortisol

Figure 45. 14 Stress and the adrenal gland

Figure 45. 14 Stress and the adrenal gland

Catecholamine hormones - amines that control our response to acute stress - Cardiac output

Catecholamine hormones - amines that control our response to acute stress - Cardiac output increases - Blood vessels to skel. muscles dilate - Blood vessels to dig. organs constrict - Liver produces glucose

Cortisol control Diurnal rhythm & chronic stress hypothalamus CRH (+) anterior pituitary ACTH negative

Cortisol control Diurnal rhythm & chronic stress hypothalamus CRH (+) anterior pituitary ACTH negative feedback (-) (+) adrenal cortex cortisol catabolic effects Break down proteins and fats to make more plasma glucose