ENCM 369 Computer Organization Norm Bartley L 02

ENCM 369 Computer Organization Norm Bartley (L 02) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 1

Welcome to ENCM 369! • • Introduction and Course Organization. Highlights from the Course Outline. A Quick Course Overview A Simplified Computer Model. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 2

Course Instructors • L 01 – MWF 11: 00 (ENE 241) o Steve Norman. • L 02 – MWF 10: 00 (ENE 241) o Norm Bartley. • B 01 -B 04 Tuesdays (ICT 320) o Norm Bartley. • T 01 -T 02 Thursdays (ENE 241 / ENA 103) o Steve Norman. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 3

Course Website • Main Course Website. o Most information will not be on D 2 L, but will instead be here. o Please go to: • http: //people. ucalgary. ca/~norman/encm 369 winter 2020 • D 2 L. o D 2 L will be used for password-protected stuff, mostly student grades. o L 01 and L 02 will be merged into one D 2 L section. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 4

Tutorials and Labs • Tutorials Start Thursday, January 16 (Week 1). o Not worth any marks; there are no quizzes. o Several small paper-and-pencil exercises each week. o Exercises intended to help in labs, midterms, and final exam. • Labs start Tuesday, January 21 (Week 2). o Lab exercises are weekly, and will be due on Fridays. o Help will be available from Norm and lab TAs. o No “in-lab” or “post-lab” components, just Friday due dates. Attendance is optional. o It helps to start work on the labs before the lab. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 5

Course Outline: Exams • Two midterm tests. o Midterm #1: Wednesday, February 12, 7: 00 -8: 30 PM o Midterm #2: Wednesday, March 18, 7: 00 -8: 30 PM. • Final Exam. o Three hours. o Scheduled by the Registrar’s Office. o Lots of past midterm and final exams (with solutions) posted for practice! ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 6

Course Outline: Grading • Course Component Weighting. o Lab assignments: 20%. o Midterm tests 30%, (15% apiece). o Final exam: 50%. • Minimal Pass Grade. o A final exam score of 40% or higher is required to pass the course. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 7

Course Outline: Textbook • Primary Course Textbook David M. Harris and Sarah L. Harris, “Digital Design and Computer Architecture, ” Second Edition, Morgan-Kaufmann, 2013 (ISBN 978 -0 -12 -394424 -5). Available as an ebook on Uof. C library website. • Supplementary Course Textbook Peter Prinz, Tony Crawford, “C in a Nutshell, ” 2 nd edition, O’Reilly Media (ISBN 978 -1 -4919 -04756). May be useful for a quick brush-up on C. Also available as an ebook. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 8

Calculator Choices Sanctioned Schulich Calculators ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 9

Course Outline: Do Well! • Missed or Delayed Term Work. o Do not try to contact a TA about this; talk to your course instructor directly. o Please see the course outline for more details. • Don’t be afraid to ask for help. o When you hand in your assignments, ask yourself two important questions. • Do I understand all the material that I’m handing in? • Could I do this assignment again by myself without any help? o The answer to both questions should be YES. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 10

Quick Course Overview • Primary Learning Outcomes. o Assembly language programming. o What’s in a modern computer system to implement the language. o Simple processor designs. • This is NOT a Programming Course! o Programs are written in machine code (assembly language) so that: • You can learn the capabilities of a modern processor and operations it can perform. • You can design synchronous sequential logic circuits to perform these operations. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 11

Computers run everything! • Classes of Computers. o o Desktop/laptop systems. Server systems and workstation clusters. Supercomputers. Embedded Systems. Typical Embedded Systems ENCM 369 – Computer Organization 12

• Humble beginnings -- the “UNIVAC 1”. o o o System was 25 x 50 feet. 5600 vacuum tubes, 18, 000 crystal diodes, 300 electromechanical relays. Operations performed serially at 2. 25 MHz. Has 1000 12 -bit words of memory! Required 120 KVA power. Addition performed in 0. 545 msec; multiplication in 2. 2 msec. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 13

• What we’ll be studying. o 32 -bit MIPS computer architecture. o Primarily used is in embedded systems, such as laser printers, network routers, early game consoles, etc. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 14

o Its heyday was the early 1990 s where it was used in high-end Silicon Graphics (SGI) Unix workstations, and made famous in the 1993 Spielberg film Jurassic Park. “A Unix System – I know this!” ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 15

MIPS vs. ARM • Arm-based processors in widespread use today, so why MIPS and not ARM? o o MIPS is a simple reduced-instruction-set computer (RISC) processor. Simple, yet fully functional. The assembly language is appropriate to learn the basic operation of a computer. Widely taught in similar courses worldwide. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 16

Coming Lectures • Immediately Ahead. . . o Study the organization of a simple computer. o Introduce the MIPS-32 computer architecture. o Introduce MIPS registers, machine code, and assembly language. • In Later Lectures. . . o Study the design of a single-cycle and a pipelined processor. o Study cache memory and see how it greatly improves the performance of a computer’s main memory. o Study how virtual memory works. o Study IEEE-754 standard floating-point number representation and arithmetic. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 17

Organization of Simple Computer Main memory Processor I/O Input. Output Devices … Bus ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization I/O 18

• A Bus o An electrical communication path between system components: • For example, the PCI bus facilitating parallel data transfer; • USB for inexpensive serial data transfer. • The Processor o Central Processing Unit, or CPU -- generally a very large and complex synchronous sequential circuit. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 19

• I/O Devices o General-purpose computing: desktops and laptops. • • Keyboard, mice, trackpads; Video cards; Hard-disk controllers; Network controllers (LAN, Wi. Fi). o Embedded systems (special-purpose computers built into appliances such as digital TVs, modern vehicles, printers, network routers, etc). • For example, a vehicle’s airbag deployment system: o Input is the electronic interface to accelerometers; o Output is the electronic interface to airbag deployment. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 20

• I/O Devices o General-purpose computing: desktops and laptops. • • Keyboard, mice, trackpads; Video cards; Hard-disk controllers; Network controllers (LAN, Wi. Fi). o Embedded systems (special-purpose computers built into appliances such as digital TVs, modern vehicles, printers, network routers, etc). • For example, a vehicle’s airbag deployment system: o Input is the electronic interface to accelerometers; o Output is the electronic interface to airbag deployment. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 21

• Main Memory o Electronic circuits that hold data and machine instructions for running programs. o Two main classes of memory. • RAM (Random Access Memory). o “volatile” memory (forgets everything when powered down). • ROM (Read-Only Memory). o “non-volatile” memory (remembers everything). o E. g. , a computer’s BIOS and boot code. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 22

• More on Main Memory o Bit – smallest possible item of digital data (“Binary digit”). o Byte – a collection of 8 bits (thus, 2^8 = 256 possible unique bit patterns). o Memory is a large array of bytes usually external to a processor core. ENCM 369 -- Computer Organization 23