EMPIRE BUILDING IN AFRICA WEST AFRICA Interest in

EMPIRE BUILDING IN AFRICA

WEST AFRICA • Interest in resources and trade • • Earliest area to be colonized Europe sets up colonies Largest amount controlled by France • Britain gained control of the Gold Coast and Nigeria • Germany had few colonies comparatively •

NORTH AFRICA • Egypt independent of Ottoman Empire Modernized army and schools in Egypt • New factories and railways (borrowed money from Britain) • • Used money to build Suez Canal • Extremely valuable for Indian trade Muhammad Ali

NORTH AFRICA • Britain wants control of Suez Canal Revolt in 1883 allowed Britain to intervene • Took control of the canal • Makes Egypt protectorate (1914) •

NORTH AFRICA • France hopes to compete with Britain Occupies Algeria • Protectorate over Morocco • • Near war between two countries after Fashoda Incident • Did not end in conflict; both countries more worried about Germany…

QUICK WORD ABOUT GERMANY… • Just became a country in 1871 under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck • Three separate wars gave Germany large amounts of land (including French territory) • Very militaristic, but Bismarck tried to reduce tensions

EAST AFRICA • Germany late to begin colonizing (not important to Bismarck) Competition begins with Britain • Wanted to avoid conflicts (see S. Africa) •

EAST AFRICA • Berlin Conference (1886) sparked massive push to colonize • Increased rivalries between European countries • Italy among the only countries to not receive colonies (defeated by Ethiopia in 1895)

SOUTH AFRICA • Dutch settlers (Boers) arrive in S. Africa in mid-1600 s • Taken by Britain after Napoleonic wars • 1830 s- Boers moved north of British rule in the Great Trek; forced to fight against the Zulu tribe

Eventually subdued with the help of the British

SOUTH AFRICA • Mining companies founded by Cecil Rhodes • Attempts to incite revolution in Boer settlement • Bloody Boer War (1899 -1902)= • Union of South Africa continued British victory