Emotions Objectives w Understand how emotion is defined

Emotions

Objectives w Understand how emotion is defined and studied in psychology.

Theories of Emotions w James-Lange n physiological change emotion l separate reactions for each emotion w Schachter & Singer 2 factor n physiological change cognitive appraisal emotion l Interpretation emotion of the situation leads to w Cannon Bard - simultaneous

Objectives w Compare cultural similarities and differences in human emotion. w Distinguish between universal expressions of emotions and culturally-shaped expressions of emotions.

Emotions & Culture w Evolutionary basis to experiencing the same physiological responses w BUT culture & belief systems affect interpretation & therefore the labeled emotion

Emotional Expressions

Microexpressions w https: //face. paulekman. com/face/site/t raining. aspx

Objectives w Describe how culture affects: n n n the kinds and strength of emotions we experience the emotion that we display the emotions that we value

Emotional Display w Participants: 151 Americans (mixed racially), 173 Russians, 78 Japanese w Emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, contempt, disgust, surprise w Audience: friends, colleagues, family, strangers w Display: express, control (nothing), de -amplify, mask (smile), qualify (express + smile)

Emotional Display w Happiness, surprise: Express to family, amplify to friends w Anger: De-amplify, show least to stranger w Sadness: Mask, show least to strangers w Contempt, disgust: Control, show least to strangers

Emotional Display w Control: Russians > Japanese > U. S. n With family & friends, no difference with strangers n Russians control happiness, fear & disgust, Japanese control surprise, contempt, Americans control disgust, anger, & contempt but not as much as others

Emotional Intensity w Relationship bt. expressing and feeling? w Facial Feedback hypothesis n Lab studies of facial expressions n Body posture

Emotional Intensity w After feeling an emotion you can: n n Express Suppress and ruminate Distract Reappraise w Reappraising emotions (exercise) n Instead of, "Sue's deliberately trying to make me look bad, " think "Sue must be having a bad day. " Instead of "How dare you cut me off, you homicidal idiot!" think "Maybe that driver didn't see me. "

Value of Emotion w Negative vs. positive emotions w Strong & passionate displays w Emotional “smoothness” w Relationship between cultural preference and expectations, our own expectations, and our interpretations

Objectives w Describe the differences seen in cultural evaluations of happiness and well-being.

Happiness w What is happiness? n Research on positive emotions l Americans perceive individual emotion more positively, Japanese perceive group emotion more positively l In one day, Americans and Japanese experience same # of negative emotions, but Americans experience more positive emotions

Happiness w Happiness cross-culturally n Flow http: //www. ted. com/talks/lang/en/mihaly_ csikszentmihalyi_on_flow. html w 3 kinds of happiness n http: //www. ted. com/talks/martin_seligma n_on_the_state_of_psychology. html

Life Satisfaction w $ can decrease unhappiness, but doesn’t increase happiness w Different kinds of happiness are not equally related to life satisfaction

Danger - Positive Thinking w http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=u 5 u m 8 QWWRvo&feature=player_embedd ed