EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE EI Presented by Derrick Lottes OVERVIEW

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EI) Presented by Derrick Lottes

OVERVIEW • What is EI? • History • EI Models and Measurement • Criticisms • Applications in Industry • Conclusion

What is EI? • A self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups

History • Charles Darwin (1870 s) • Emotional expression for survival • E. L. Thorndike (1920) • Social intelligence • David Wechsler (1940) • Influence of non-intellectual factors on intelligent behavior

History • Howard Gardner (1983) • Frames of Mind: Theory of Multiple Intelligences • Interpersonal Intelligence • Intrapersonal Intelligence • Wayne Payne (1985) • A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligence

Models • Ability-Based Model • Mixed Models • Trait EI Model

Ability-Based Model • Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer • “the ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to facilitate thought, understand emotions, and to regulate emotions to promote personal growth” • The Ability-Based Model: • Views emotions as useful sources of information • Proposes that individuals vary in their ability

Ability-Based Model • According to this model, EI includes four types of abilities: • Perceiving emotions • Using emotions • Understanding emotions • Managing emotions

Measurement • Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) • Based on a series of emotion-based problem-solving items • Measures individual’s abilities on each of the four types • Generates scores for: • each of the four abilities • a total score • One study purported: EI different from cognitive intelligence • No distinction between measure and latent trait EI • No evidence that measure provides incremental predictive validity •

Mixed Models • Goleman’s model • Focuses on EI as a wide array of competencies and skills that drive leadership performance • Goleman's model outlines four main EI constructs: • Self-awareness • Self-management • Social awareness • Relationship management

Measurement Two measurement tools are based on the Goleman model: • The Emotional Competency Inventory • Emotional and Social Competency Inventory • The Emotional Intelligence Appraisal • Self-report • 360 degree assessment

Mixed Model • Bar-On Model of Emotional-Social Intelligence • Concerned with effectively: • understanding oneself and others • relating well to people • adapting to and coping with the immediate surroundings • Emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence contributes equally to a person's general intelligence • offers an indication of one's potential to succeed in life.

Measurement Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory • Self-report • Consists of 133 items used to obtain a Total EQ • Also gives 5 composite scores • Limitations • Self-report measure • Highly susceptible to faking

Trait Model • Petrides et al. ’s Triat EI model is “a constellation of emotional self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality. ” • Trait EI refers to an individual’s self-perceptions of their emotional abilities. • Definition encompasses: • Behavioral dispositions • Self-perceived abilities

Measurement Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) • Self-report • 15 subscales organized under 4 factors: • • Well-being Self-control Emotionality Sociability • Along with scores for the subscales and main factors, a global trait EI score is also given • Reliability – Internal consistency • 10 subscales range between. 71 and. 91 • 5 subscales are below. 70

Measurement • Scores were unrelated to nonverbal reasoning • Raven’s matrices • TEIQue scores were positively related to some of the Big Five personality traits • Positively related – Agreeableness (. 47), Openness (. 41), Conscientiousness (. 41), Emotional Stability (. 42) • Negatively related – Neuroticism (-. 17)

Criticisms • Theory • EI cannot be recognized as a form of intelligence • EI has little predictive value • Measures of EI • Ability EI scales measure: • Conformity, not ability • Knowledge (not actual ability) • Personality and general intelligence • Self-report measures are susceptible to faking • Claims for the predictive power of EI are too extreme

Applications of EI in Industry • Research of EI and job performance show mixed results • Compensatory model between EI & IQ (Cote & Miner, 2006) • Relationship between EI and job performance becomes more positive as cognitive intelligence decreases • Study supported compensatory model (Petrides, et al. , 2004)

Conclusions • Idea of EI has been around since Darwin • 3 types of models: • Ability-Based Model • Mixed Model • Trait Model • Utility is questionable at best • Compensatory model

QUESTIONS? ? ?