Emotional and Behavioral Disorder Children with Emotional And

Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

Children with Emotional And Behavioral Disorders

What is Emotional & Behavioral Disorder? The IDEA of 2004 defines emotional disturbance as: 1. A condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

What is Emotional & Behavioral Disorder? An inability to learn which cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors. � An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers. � Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under circumstances. � A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. �

What is Emotional & Behavioral Disorder? Forness and Knitzer (1992) proposed that a new term, emotional or behavioral disorder (EBD), replace the term “serious emotional disturbance” used in IDEA. 1. The term emotional or behavioral disorders means a disability that is characterized by emotional or behavioral responses that they adversely affect educational performance.

What is Emotional & Behavioral Disorder? 2. This category may include children or outh with schizophrenic disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, or other sustained disorders or adjustment when they adversely affect educational performance in accordance with section.

Prevalence of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Cullinan and Epstein (1995) proposed a “rule of one-third” for identifying students who have emotional or behavioral problems. They suggested that one-third of all students in a particular year might display behavior problems that concern teachers.

Gender and Age Factors Both gender and age have been found to be related to prevalence figures. More boys than girls are identified as having emotional or behavior problems. Additionally, there is some evidence that suggests that males are more likely to have externalizing disorders, such as anxiety or depression.

Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity Factors Other variables that affect the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. It appears that poverty actually doubles the rissk of being identified (Costello, Messer; 1998)

Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity Factors Population Range Asian Females African American Males Asian Males African American Females

Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorder The cause for emotional and behavioral disorders are not always clear, but several researchers have found a few possible causes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Biological factors: Psychoanalytical factors Behavioral factors Phenomenological Sociological/Ecological http: //caidjax 1. wordpress. com/what-can-cause-an-emotional-and-behavioral-disorder/

Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 1. Biological factors: � Genetics � Abnormalities in the neurological and biochemical development of the child � Injuries to the central nervous system 2. Psychoanalytical factors � Traumatic childhood experiences 3. Behavioral factors � Lack of adaptive behaviors � Exposure to maladaptive behaviors � Exposure to poor environmental stresses that lead to maladaptive behaviors 4. Phenomenological � Improper use of defense mechanisms � Failure to learn about oneself 5. Sociological/Ecological � Destructive family life � Poor living conditions � Rejection by peers � Expectations of the child that cause a lot of stress on the child � Labeling of the child � Culture

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders �TYPES: ACCORDING TO THE Diagnostic & statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 1. Conduct Disorder 2. Emotional Disturbance 3. Personality Disorder 4. Anxiety Disorder 5. ADHD

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � The diagnosis of CONDUCT DISORDER is based on antisocial behavior, and it says little about the child’s inner life, motives, and disabilities. The disorder is classified by type: aggressive versus nonaggressive, and overt (with violence or tantrums) versus covert (with lying, stealing, and/or drug use).

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � Early symptoms include stealing, running away from home, habitual lying, cruelty to animals, and fire setting. As the child grows older, the pattern may develop into vandalism, malicious mischief, truancy, drug and alcohol use, and various forms of violence, from school bullying to robbery, assault, and rape.

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders �Emotional Disturbances: - Severe Depression - Bipolar - Eating Disorder

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � B. Emotional Disturbances: Emotional disturbances that manifest themselves in violence and similar extreme behavior occur less frequently than those with a more complex and subtle effect. And some disorders, such as eating disorders and substance abuse, are deliberately—and often successfully—hidden by the child. Some children develop a negative or maladaptive pattern of behavior and interaction that becomes deeply entrenched and seems to be part of their personality.

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Severe Depression is a disorder that was once believed to be only experienced by adults, but now studies show that 2 out of every 100 children have been experiencing this disorder also. Severe depression is marked by: � Severe lost of interest in friends and activities � Very low self-esteem � Lack of any type of motivation � Changes in sleeping and eating patterns � Increased amount of sadness � Thought of suicide http: //caidjax 1. wordpress. com/what-are-the-different-types-of-emotional -and-behavioral-disorders/

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Bipolar Disorder is a disorder that affects the child’s mood. Bipolar disorder is recognized by: � Mood swings that range from extremely high to extremely low � High moods will be marked by hyperactivity, little sleep, and careless judgement � Low moods will be marked by depression �

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � Eating Disorders affect the way a child views their body and how they consume food. Girls are more likely to have eating disorders, but boys have been diagnosed with them also. There are different types of eating disorders and they are: � Aneroxia Nervosa- where the child has a fear of weight gain therefore they starve their bodies of food and nutrients that the body needs. <Bulimia Nervosa- where the child will consume food very quickly then vomit or take laxatives to rid their body of the food in order not to gain any weight. Binge Eating- where the child will consume an excessive amount of food at one time. They will not vomit, but they will repeatedly put themselves on a strict, unhealthy diet afterwards. � �

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � � C. Personality Disorders The DSM defines a personality disorder as “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment. ” The following descriptions of a few categories of personality disorder illustrate these maladaptive patterns: Schizotypal personality disorder: “a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior. ” Borderline personality disorder: “a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. ” Dependent personality disorder: “a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of. ”

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � � � � Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects the child’s mental ability to differentiate between what is real or unreal. This disorder develops slowly through a child’s life till their adult years. 5 out of every 1, 000 children develop this disorder. The symptoms are: Inability to separate real experiences from unreal experiences Hallucinations Inability to think logically in situations Irregular emotional responses to situations No emotion Hyperactive emotions Paranoia

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � D. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are a prevalent form of emotional difficulty, sharing with depression the dubious honor of most pervasive emotional disorder. Children with anxiety may be fearful, nervous, shy, and preoccupied, and they often strive to avoid the source of the anxiety —if there is a specific source. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Separation anxiety disorder specifically affects children and adolescents and can make separation from home and loved ones extremely distressing.

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � � � Anxiety Disorders: The most common childhood disorder with 13 out of every 100 children, whose age range is from 9 -17 years old , having at least one of the different types of anxiety disorders. Some common symptoms are: excessive fear excessive worrying about incidents that they have never experienced unnecessary repeated behaviors and thought patterns sudden rapid heartbeats and dizziness repeated flashbacks of traumatizing events that have occurred in the child’s life such as a car accident, sexual assault, or any other type of violence

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � Anxiety Disorders: A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used in the context of clinical psychology, a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. In the event the phobia cannot be avoided entirely, the sufferer will endure the situation or object with marked distress and significant interference in social or occupational activities. [ 10 Common Phobias 1. Arachnophobia: spiders 2. Ophidiophobia: snakes 3. Acrophobia: heights 4. Acrophobia: difficult situations 5. Cynophobia: dogs 6. Astraphobia: thunder & lightning 7. Trypanophobia: injections 8. Social Phobias: social situations 9. Pteromerhanophobia: flying 10. Mysophobia: germs or dirt

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � Anxiety Disorders: Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurring severe panic attacks. It may also include significant behavioral changes lasting at least a month and of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks. The latter are called anticipatory attacks (DSM-IVR). Panic disorder is not the same as agoraphobia (fear of public places), although many afflicted with panic disorder also suffer from agoraphobia. Panic attacks cannot be predicted, therefore an individual may become stressed, anxious or worried wondering when the next panic attack will occur.

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Anxiety Disorders: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry; by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Symptoms of the disorder include excessive washing or cleaning; repeated checking; extreme hoarding; preoccupation with sexual, violent or religious thoughts; relationship-related obsessions; aversion to particular numbers; and nervous rituals, such as opening and closing a door a certain number of times before entering or leaving a room. �

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � Anxiety Disorders: Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is a psychological condition in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e. g. a parent, grandparents, or siblings). According to the American Psychology Association, separation anxiety disorder is the inappropriate and excessive display of fear and distress when faced with situations of separation from the home or from a specific attachment figure. The anxiety that is expressed is categorized as being atypical of the expected developmental level and age. The severity of the symptoms ranges from anticipatory uneasiness to fullblown anxiety about separation.

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � � E. ADHD Doubtless, the most prevalent behavioral disorder in schools today is attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sometimes referred to as attention deficit disorder (ADD). According to the U. S. Department of Education (2000), approximately 3 to 5 percent of the schoolaged population have ADHD. The essential feature of Attention. Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development. � � ADHD can include nine specific symptoms of inattention and nine symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD may know what to do, but do not consistently do what they know because of their inability to efficiently stop and think prior to responding, regardless of the setting or task. The DSM describes four subtypes of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, combined (showing both inattention and hyperactivity), and “not otherwise specified. ”

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Types of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders � � � Attentiondeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder that affects the way a child is able to focus. Usually identified when child is displaying the following symptoms at home or school. Apparent symptoms are: Inability to focus Inability to follow directions Inability to sit still Inability to remain quiet Inability to cooperate with others

Characteristics of Individual w/ Emotional and Behavioral Disorder Emotion and Behavior � Internalizing vs. Externalizing Behaviors � Same emotions and behaviors typical students have, but are more intense and more often. � Fears and Anxieties associated with coming to school � Might have Anger with externalizing behaviors and aggression � Might be depressed, internalizing behaviors

Characteristics of Individual w/ Emotional and Behavioral Disorder Social �Hard to establish and maintain peer and adult relationships �Lack of social skills and appropriateness Cognition and Academics �Low to average intellectual ability �Lowest GPAs and highest dropout rate �Many students with EBD also show comorbid or additional disabilities

Educational Placement and Curriculum Design �Instructional Content • The academic curriculum will often be the general curriculum with accommodations made to fit the individual students’ emotional and behavioral needs. • Academic Skills • Social Skills

Educational Placement and Curriculum Design �Service-Learning Programs • Activities are structured community service • • • activities through which students apply skills learned in school to address needs their schools and communities. (Kaye, 2010) Transition Planning Vocational and Life Skills Postsecondary Education Reintegration from Juvenile Detention Homelessness

Educational Implications �Direct Instruction • Students must know exactly what to do. • Students must be able to complete the task with a high degree of accuracy, but the task must be challenging. • Students must receive meaningful reinforcement for correct performance. • Teacher must continuously monitors students progress.

Educational Implications Cognitive Behavioral Intervention it involves teaching concepts of selfinstruction, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, self-regulation, and self-attribution so that students may become independent learners in control of their own behavior.

Educational Implications �Behavioral Techniques Intervention • Behavioral Intervention Plan • Techniques to Decrease Behaviors �Differential reinforcement �Extinction �Punishment • Techniques to Increase Behaviors �Positive reinforcement �Negative reinforcement

Educational Implications �Nonbehavioral • • Intervention Techniques Creative Dramatics Play therapy Bibliotherapy Pharmacological treatment

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