Emiratization Public Policies their Impact on Women Ruba
Emiratization Public Policies & their Impact on Women Ruba Al Hassan Social Development Advisor General Secretariat of the Executive Council, Abu Dhabi Government Presented at NYU - Nationalization of the Workforce in GCC
CONTENTS Ø Current situation ØStatistics ØIssues Ø Emiratization initiatives & impact ØInstitutions ØLegislation ØPrograms Ø Proposed initiatives 2
CURRENT SITUATION 3
Abu Dhabi Labour Force Structure Labour Force by Gender & Nationality National Females 2% Non-National Females 14% National Males 8% Non-National Males 76% 4
Abu Dhabi National Female Labour Force Structure National Females by Region Western AD Islands Region 0% 3% Al Ain 34% Abu Dhabi 62% 5
Abu Dhabi National Female Labour Force Structure National Females by Age Group 8, 000 7, 000 Number 6, 000 5, 000 4, 000 3, 000 2, 000 1, 000 0 15 -19 20 -24 25 -29 30 -34 35 -39 40 -44 45 -49 50 -54 55 -59 60 -64 65+ 6
Abu Dhabi National Female Labour Force Structure Employment Status Breakdown of Unmarried Females Unwilling to 9% at risk of Social work 1% Exclusion Housework 7% Employment Status Breakdown of Married Females Unemployed 2% Unable to work 1% Employed 33% Employed 41% Students 50% Unable to Work 1% Housework 62% Unwilling to Work 1% Students 2% 65% NOT in labor force 7
Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Nationals (15 - 64 year) by Educational Status and Gender, 2008 Educational Status Male Female Total Illiterate 11. 5 1. 1 9. 2 Read and Write 13. 9 0. 6 10. 9 Primary 16. 2 2. 3 13. 1 Preparatory 22. 7 6. 1 19 Secondary 25. 1 32. 9 26. 8 Non- Degree Post Secondary Diploma 2. 4 12. 1 4. 6 University 6. 8 43. 3 15 Higher Diploma 0. 4 1. 1 0. 6 Master 0. 8 0. 4 0. 7 Ph. D. 0. 2 0. 1 Source: Statistics Centre - Abu Dhabi 8
Labour Force Participation of Women (%) – Benchmarking with OECD 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 82 77. 3 76. 5 56. 5 15. 6 14. 5 Abu Dhabi UAE Iceland Denmark & Switzerland Norway OECD 9
Overview of Key Employment Issues Low Female employment-topopulation ratio Only 2% of the population are self employed 90% of national employment is in the public sector Large and growing structural unemployment Unemployment among nationals is high at 12% • In comparison with benchmarks and international average of 46%, female employment-to-population ratio is low at 23% • High inactivity rate among women • In comparison with international average of 13%, self- employment is low • Self employment and entrepreneurship is limited as most of the employed are wage earners • An unequal distribution of employment is evident in the market with non-nationals occupying most of industry and nongovernment services jobs, while nationals have tended to cluster in the public sector • Structural unemployment in the UAE was 11. 5% out of actual unemployment of 11. 6% in 2005 • Structural unemployment has been growing at an average annual rate of 5. 6% between 1998 and 2005 • In comparison to international average of 7%, unemployment among nationals is high indicating the alarming number of unemployed nationals 10
EMIRATIZATION INITIATIVES IMPACT & 11
Emiratization Initiatives - Institutions Federal • • In 2000 established TANMIA’s objectives: § Achieve full employment of the national human resources. § Reduce the foreign component of the UAE labour force. § Increase the supply of qualified and skilled national labour force to meet the labour market needs. § Develop and enhance the work skills and potentials of the national labour force Abu Dhabi • • In 2005 established Abu Dhabi Emiratization Council – renamed Abu Dhabi Tawteen Council ADTC’s objectives: § Achieve full sustainable employment for every Emirati § Ensure that every Emirati Job Seeker finds a job § Work with employers, especially in the private sector, to ensure that job opportunities for Emiratis are created across all functional levels § Advise Abu Dhabi Government on policies and mechanisms to increase Emiratization, especially in the private sector 12
Emiratization Initiatives – Federal Legislation Quota System Emiratization of professions Part-time law “The intervention system shall be posited in a way that makes a positive partiality that saves convenient work opportunity for national women” • Cabinet decisions were issued setting Emiratization quotas for three parts of the private sector: • Banking (in 1998): 4% annually • Insurance (in 2001): 5% annually • Trade (in 2004): 2% annually • 2005 Mo. L decision requiring the Emiratization of public relations officers • 2006 Mo. L decision requiring the Emiratization of secretarial positions • 2006 Mo. L decision requiring the Emiratization of managerial positions in human resources • 2011 Part-time work permit in effect applies to: • Resident workers in full-time employment holding a valid labour card • Co-dependent sponsored residents (i. e. housewives on husband's sponsorship) • Residents aged 18 and above • Government employees 13
Emiratization Initiatives – Impact of Federal Legislation Quota System • In UAE, Emiratization in banks reached 34 % by the end of 2009, registering an annual increase of 4 %. • In Abu Dhabi, Emiratization in the sector stood at nearly 10% in 2009. • TANMIA reported in 2005 only 7 banks achieved Emiratization targets and only 1 insurance firm Emiratization of professions • Mo. L said within one year of the decision 1, 700 of the 3, 000 PRO positions in the UAE have been emiratized Part-time law • Too early to assess 14
Emiratization Initiatives – Abu Dhabi Programs Ain Al Mustaqbal initiative Abu Dhabi Emiratization Forum Training & counseling • By ADTC in 2009 targeting Al Ain City and the surrounding areas. Female jobseekers were assessed to identify, and helped to fill, individual needs and skills gaps. The project team also worked with private sector employers to identify existing and future employment trends. • By ADTC - provides a platform for private sector employers to share their experiences in the field of Emiratization and help evolve public policies on various issues related to Emiratization. • AWTAD, IBDAA, Tawteen and work readiness training programs • Dirasati program for skills development and placement in banking sector • ADTC set up agreement to outsource technical skills training and offers work skills training programs through UAE academy • Career counselors at ADTC 15
PROPOSED INITIATIVES 16
Abu Dhabi labor programs/mechanisms were categorized into one of three groups: (1) Active, (2) Passive, (3) Protective 1 Active Programs 4 Intervene in the labor market to help the unemployed find work and bring the inactive back to the workforce 4 Focused on creating jobs, training and re-training, and finally on providing advice and guidance in terms of job search and career paths 4 Provide services to re-integrate unemployed into the workforce and are sometimes coupled with financial assistance Passive Programs 4 Geared towards providing welfare benefits to the unemployed in the form of unemployed assistance or unemployed insurance 4 Passive programs offer mainly financial assistance rather than re-integration services 2 3 Protective Mechanisms 4 Regulations concerning employment standards and relations including: rules favoring disadvantaged groups, training requirements, redundancy procedures, mandated prenotification periods and severance payments, special requirements for collective dismissals as well as short-time work schemes 4 Enforces health and safety measures and wage setting 17
Proposed Initiatives for discussion 1 Active Programs 4 Subsidized work placements 4 Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals 4 Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) Passive Programs 4 Unemployment benefits tied to skills development 2 3 Protective Mechanisms 4 Extended maternity leave 4 Introduction of paternity leave 4 On-site childcare facilities 4 Flexible working hours 18
Questions 1. Which type of programs would be best suited to increase women’s labour force participation in Abu Dhabi? A. Active B. Passive C. Protective D. Combination – please specify E. All 3 types 19
Questions 2. Which interventions would you recommend? A. Subsidized work placements B. Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals C. Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) D. Unemployment benefits E. Extended maternity leave F. Introduction of paternity leave G. On-site childcare facilities H. Flexible working hours 20
Questions 3. Which interventions would you NOT recommend? A. Subsidized work placements B. Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals C. Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) D. Unemployment benefits E. Extended maternity leave F. Introduction of paternity leave G. On-site childcare facilities H. Flexible working hours 21
Questions 4. Which ONE intervention could have the most significant A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. POSITIVE impact on women’s labour force participation? Subsidized work placements Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) Unemployment benefits Extended maternity leave Introduction of paternity leave On-site childcare facilities Flexible working hours 22
Questions 5. Which ONE intervention could have the most significant A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. NEGATIVE impact on women’s labour force participation? Subsidized work placements Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) Unemployment benefits Extended maternity leave Introduction of paternity leave On-site childcare facilities Flexible working hours 23
Questions 6. Which ONE intervention could have the most significant A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. NEGATIVE ECONOMIC impact? Subsidized work placements Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) Unemployment benefits Extended maternity leave Introduction of paternity leave On-site childcare facilities Flexible working hours 24
Questions 7. Which ONE intervention could have the most significant A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. POSITIVE SOCIAL impact? Subsidized work placements Subsidizing private sector employers to train & recruit Nationals Mentoring programs tailored to women (big sister/little sister) Unemployment benefits Extended maternity leave Introduction of paternity leave On-site childcare facilities Flexible working hours 25
Questions 8. Which alternative interventions would you recommend? 26
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