EMERGY ENERGY SYSTEMS Session 3 Short Course for

EMERGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS Session 3 Short Course for ECO Interns, EPA and Partners

Introduction to Emergy • Emergy definitions and concepts • Fundamental emergy budgets and human interfaces

Emergy Definitions • Emergy – Available energy of one kind previously required directly or indirectly to make a product or service (emjoule) • Solar emergy –All energy beginning with solar inputs to the environment (solar emjoule or sej)

Review: Concentration Emergy 1 E 10 sej/t Energy transformed within system 1 E 10 sej/t 5 E 5 1 E 6 5 E 4 1 E 6 1 E 10 3 E 4 2 E 6 1 E 6 2 E 6 1 E 3 2 E 4 5 E 5 J/t Energy dispersed from system 9. 99 E 9 9. 9 E 6 9. 9 E 4

Review: Concentration 1 E 10 sej/t 1 E 10 1 E 7 1 E 10 sej/t 1 E 5 1 E 10 sej/t 1 E 3 Energy Transfers Joules/time J/t Transformity Solar em. Joules/Joule Energy Transfers Sun 1 E 10 sej/t 1 E 10 1 E 7 1 E 5 1 1 E 3 1 E 7

Emergy Definitions: Unit Emergy values for specific items • Transformity – Emergy per unit available energy, solar emjoules per joule (sej/J) • Specific emergy – Emergy per unit material, solar emjoules per gram (sej/g) 100 sej 10 J T = 10 sej/J 100 sej 1 g SE = 100 sej/g

Emergy Definitions • Empower – Emergy flow per unit time – Solar emjoules per year (sej/yr)

Emergy Concepts 300 sej 10 J • No loss along paths – Emergy is 500 sej 20 sej 50 J cumulative 5 J • Maintenance – Accumulation stops when entity is made • Different uses for different data – Input/output vs. internal processes 500 sej 10 J 800 sej 20 J 1420 sej 15 J 120 sej 5 J 100 sej 50 J Internal 800 sej 620 sej 1420 sej Input/output

Emergy Calculations • Energy versus emergy • Multiply energy by unit emergy ratios • Unit emergy ratios used here – Environmental average: 2. 61 E 4 sej/J – Purchased average: 5 E 5 sej/J 4. 20 E 16 sej

Emergy Calculations • Transformity – Use known unit emergy ratios for inputs – Divide total emergy inputs by output energy or mass 4. 2 E 16 sej = 9. 25 E 5 sej/J 4. 54 E 10 J

Main Energy Sources • Solar, deep planet heat, tides Tide Deep Earth 8. 06 Heat 3. 84 Crust Solar 3. 93 Insolation Ocean Air Biosphere E 24 solar emjoules/year Global emergy flow 15. 83 E 24 sej/yr

Calculating other earth budgets Unit Emergy Ratios of Coupled Global Energy Flows Item Total global flow Solar Emergy Sej/yr Energy or Material Unit Emergy Flux per year Ratio 15. 83 E 24 sej/yr Latent heat 1. 26 E 24 J 1. 3 E 1 sej/J Wind circulation 6. 45 E 21 J 2. 45 E 3 sej/J Geo. Pot. Precipitation (land) 1. 09 E 20 g 1. 5 E 5 sej/g Chem. Pot. Precipitation (land) 5. 19 E 20 J 3. 1 E 4 sej/J Average river flow 3. 96 E 19 g 4. 0 E 5 sej/g Average river geopotential 3. 40 E 20 J 4. 7 E 4 sej/J Average river chemical potential 1. 96 E 20 J 8. 1 E 4 sej/J Average waves at shore 3. 10 E 20 J 5. 1 E 4 sej/J Average ocean current 8. 60 E 17 J 1. 8 E 7 sej/J

Coupled Sources Tide Deep Heat • Avoid double counting Sun Ocean & Atmosphere Earth cycle Rain Wind Sun Land Area Planet Earth Wind Rain Earth cycle Sun Local Analysis

Environment-Economic Interface Recycle Reserves Environment Sun, Tide, Earth Heat Main Economy, Consumers Environment Economic Use GNP Interface Global System

Important Input Categories Fuel Fertilizer Non-renewable River Rain Coal Renewable Soil Sun Wind Purchased Goods & Services

3 -Arm Diagram Renewable + Non-renewable Purchased System Name Yield = Sum of all Purchased Variation Non-renewable Renewable Yield = Sum of all

Services versus Goods • Inherent value in an item, not money paid • Paying for services to retrieve that item Fuel Fertilizer River Rain Services Soil Sun Wind Forest Harvest Market

Evaluating Materials • Industrial concentration Electricity River Rain Fuel Fertilizer Goods Services Soil Sun Wind Forest Harvest Furniture Market

Emergy and $$ Value for Nature • Emergy to dollar ratio: emdollars • National economic productivity tied to total emergy consumption and flow Imports Fuels Goods & Services Assets Sources Nonrenewables GNP $ Environmental Production Macroeconomic Overview $ Economic Production Exports

Emdollars • Changes all the time • Different for every nation Fuels Goods & Services Imports Assets Sources Nonrenewables GNP $ Environmental Production Macroeconomic Overview $ Economic Production Exports

Exercise

One way to answer

One way to answer