Emerging Power Progressivism APUSH Unit 10 1880 1918

Emerging Power & Progressivism APUSH Unit 10 1880 -1918

Economic Problems for Farmers • Shrinking money supply • Greenback Party • Gold standard vs. Bimetallism • Low food prices • What will fix this problem? • High taxes on inflated land values-Progress and Poverty • Tariffs • Agriculture Trusts • Railroad Trusts • Leads to Populists movement

Populists warn about Railroads

William Hope Harvey Coin’s Financial School

Election of 1896

Election of 1896 • William Mc. Kinely(R) v. William Jennings Bryan(D and P) • WJB- “Cross of Gold Speech” • Significance • Last attempt to win presidency with farm votes. • Populist demise • Klondike Gold Strike • Importance of 3 rd parties? • It was a battle between the city and the farm… and the city won.

Road to Progressivism • Populist measure(Omaha Platform) achieved by Progressives • Free silver-William Jennings Bryan • Graduated income tax-16 th Amendment • Government control of railroad-ICC • Initiative, referendum, and recall • Direct election of senators-17 th Amendment • Sub-treasury Plan-Federal Reserve Act • Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re not in Laissez Faire or Social Darwinism anymore.

Progressive Issues • • Trusts Political machines Working and living conditions Consumer protection Voting reform Conservation Prohibition Women’s suffrage • Compare to Reforms of the 1830 s and 1840 s

Political Reforms at Local Level • Robert La. Follette- “Wisconsin Idea” • Australian Ballot(secret ballot) • Commission system • Galveston, Tx • Efficiency over democracy

The Great Storm of 1900 Galveston, Texas

Construction of the Seawall

Hurricane Ike Seawall Bolivar Peninsula

Roosevelt and Reform • Square Deal for Labor • Anthracite Coal Strike (1902) • Department of Commerce & Labor (1903) • Railroad Regulation • Elkins & Hepburn Acts (1903, 1906) • Trustbusting • “Good” & “Bad” Trusts • Northern Securities v. United States (1905)

TR and Northern Securities Case

Roosevelt and Reform • Conservation • Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) • Consumer Protection - 1906 • The Jungle, Upton Sinclair • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food & Drug Act • Taft Years, 1909 -1913 • Taft Progressivism • Trustbusting • Republican Split Theodore Roosevelt with John Muir at Yosemite, 1903 (Yosemite Museum)

Election of 1912 • Republican Split • Primary Elections – Roosevelt • Republican nominee. . . Taft • Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party • Roosevelt • “New Nationalism” • Democrats • Woodrow Wilson • “New Freedom” • Socialist Party • Eugene V. Debs

Wilson’s “Triple Wall of Privilege” • Trusts • Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) • Tariffs • Underwood Tariff (1913) • 16 th Amendment • Banks • Federal Reserve Act (1913) • Women’s Suffrage Movement

African-Americans & Progressives • Lynching & Race Riots • Ida B. Wells • NAACP • Wilson & African Americans • re-segregation • D. W. Griffith’s Birth of a Nation

Progressive Issues • Trusts-Sherman and Clayton Anti Trust • Working and living conditions-Settlement House Movement • Consumer protection-Pure Food and Drug • Voting reform-17 th amend, I, R, R • Conservation-Newlands Reclamation • Prohibition-18 th amend • Women’s suffrage-19 th amend

7. 3 -IA American Imperialist Impulses • Economic Opportunities • Social Darwinists • Open Door Policy • Racial Theories • “Racial Darwinism” • White Man’s Burden-Kipling • Competition w/ European Empires • 1890 s “closing” of the frontier • Turner’s Frontier Thesis • American Destiny – (American Exceptionalism) • “City Upon a Hill” • Josiah Strong, Our Country (1885) • T. Roosevelt & Henry Cabot Lodge

7. 3 -IA American Imperialist Stirrings • Manifest Destiny Continued ? ? ? • Popular Impulse • Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) • Popular Press • “yellow journalism” • Hawaii (1890 s) • Sanford Dole

Spanish-American War of 1898 • Causes • Cuban Independence • U. S. S. Maine • Treaty of Paris (1898) • Cuba • New Territories • Puerto Rico • Guam • Philippines

Problems of Empire • Philippine Insurrection (1899 -1901) • Emilio Aguinaldo • Anti-Imperialist League • Bryan, Gompers, Twain, Carnegie, etc. • Principle of self-determination • Tradition of isolationism

TR’s Imperialism • Big Stick Diplomacy • Panama Canal • Roosevelt Corollary (1904) • Monroe Doctrine • DEBT

Causes of World War 1 • Nationalism • Imperialism • Militarism • Secret Alliances • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand-1914 • Central Powers vs. Allied Powers

Neutrality in the U. S. ? • Neutrality Act 1914 • Natural alliance? • Submarine Warfare • Lusitania, 5/1915 • Sussex ultimatum (1916)

U. S. Enters the War • Immediate Causes • Zimmerman Telegram • Russian Revolution • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Declaration of War 4/2/1917 • Wilsonian Idealism(Progressive view) • Moral Diplomacy • “. . . make the world safe for democracy. . . ”

The Home Front • Public Opinion & Civil Liberties • Committee on Public Information (CPI) • Espionage & Sedition Acts • Schenck v. United States (1919) • Press Censorship • The Masses

Creel Committee Propaganda

The Home Front • Mobilization • War Industries Board • Industrialization of war • Great Migration • Selective Service Act • Liberty Loans

War in Europe

Technology of War

Fighting in Europe • Bolshevik Revolution • Red Scare • Western Front: 1918 • American Expeditionary Force • Gen. John J. Pershing • Battle of the Argonne Forest • Sgt. Alvin York (Medal of Honor) • German Surrender – Nov. 11, 1918

Treaty of Versailles • Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” (1/1918) • League of Nations • Versailles Peace Conference (1/18/1919) • “Big Four” • Opposition to the Treaty • Irreconcilables • Reservationists • Back to Isolationism