Emerging Challenges Emerging Practices Sharing a Global Vision
Emerging Challenges, Emerging Practices: Sharing a Global Vision of Quality Assurance in Higher Education Edilberto C de Jesus Secretariat Director SEAMEO
Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
SEAMEO Member States Indonesia (1965) Lao PDR (1965) Malaysia (1965) Philippines (1965) Singapore (1965) Thailand (1965) Cambodia (1968) Brunei Darussalam (1981) Vietnam (1992) Myanmar (1997) Timor-Leste (2006)
SEAMEO Associate Members Australia (1973) France (1973) New Zealand (1974) Canada (1988) Germany (1990) Netherlands (1993) Norway (2005) SEAMEO Affiliate Members International Council for Open and Distance Education (1999)
SEAMEO Units CHAT INNOTECH SPAFA Secretariat TROPMED Philippines RIHED TROPMED Network SEARCA RETRAC TROPMED Thailand VOCTECH RECSAM • 11 Specialised Regional Centres TROPMED Malaysia • Network (with 4 centres) on tropical medicine and public health RELC TROPMED Indonesia SEAMOLEC BIOTROP • Secretariat
Diversity within SEAMEO • Education systems at different stage of development • Operating with different levels of resources
Budget for Education Country Education Budget (Million USD) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Million USD Education Budget as Percent of GDP (%) Brunei Darussalam 1 346. 8 5, 917. 0 5. 9 Cambodia 1 110. 5 4, 440. 0 2. 5 Indonesia 2 418. 0 31, 095. 0 1. 3 Lao PDR 1 69. 9 2, 796. 0 2. 5 Malaysia 3 7, 088. 4 131, 020. 0 5. 4 Myanmar 4 97. 0 7, 464. 0 1. 3 Philippines 1 2, 203. 4 92, 850. 0 2. 4 Singapore 1 4, 553. 7 116, 760. 7 3. 9 Thailand 1 6, 423. 7 166, 300. 0 3. 9 35. 0 1, 750. 2 1. 4 2, 602. 0 43, 750. 0 5. 9 Timor Leste 1 Vietnam 1 Sources: 1 Information from MOE 3 Malaysian Educational Statistics 2006 2 Education 4 Estimation Budget by National Educational Budget, GDP by Econ. Stats by UNESCO Institute for Statistic for Myanmar, 2001
Allocation of Expenditure Per Student Country Education Budget (USD) Number of Students All Level Allocation Per Student (USD) Brunei Darussalam 346, 800, 000 76, 898 4, 509. 9 Cambodia 110, 500, 000 3, 451, 661 32. 0 Indonesia¹ 418, 000 41, 907, 605 10. 0 Lao PDR 69, 900, 000 1, 350, 584 51. 8 Malaysia 7, 088, 400, 000 5, 783, 796 1, 225. 6 Myanmar 97, 000 8, 092, 510 12. 0 Philippines 2, 203, 400, 000 23, 174, 070 95. 1 Singapore 4, 553, 700, 000 483, 151 9, 425. 0 Thailand 6, 423, 700, 000 13, 162, 488. 0 1, 270, 000 136, 875 9. 3 260, 200, 000 17, 542, 129 14. 8 Timor Leste Vietnam
Mission of Higher Education Institutions • Teaching • Research • Service
Personal Perspectives • Philippine Experience • Private Corporate Sector • Government Perspective • Regional Association
Pressures on HEI • Demand for Greater Access • Demand for Higher Quality • Declining Government Support
Pressures on HEI • Expansion of Knowledge SIMS Research: world production of original information - 1999: 2 -3 EB (Exabytes) (1 EB = 1018 bytes) 5: 2002 - EB 500)additional US LCs(
Pressures on HEI SIM Research: Information on the Web - 2000: 20 -50 TB (Terabytes) (1 TB = 1012 bytes) - 2003: 167 terabytes (16. 7 more US LC)
Pressures on HEI SIM Research: Email Volume - 2003: 31 billion messages/day - 2006: 62 billion messages/day
Peter A Henning ( Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences): “In the past five years, we have produced more data than in the 5, 000 years before – and the data volume increase in speeding up. ”
Issues in Knowledge Explosion • Data Heat • Data Accuracy • Data Relevance
Implications for QA Efforts • Teaching: content coverage (What to teach? ) • Research: – Keeping Pace – Controlling Costs – Maintaining Focus
UNESCO: Research and Higher Education Policy, Nov. 2006 Arthur Biennenstock (Vice Provost and Dean of Research and Graduate Policy, Stanford): Essential Characteristics of Research Universities 1. High quality faculty committed to research and teaching 2. High quality graduate students
UNESCO: Research and Higher Education Policy, Nov. 2006 3. An intellectual climate that encourages scholarship 4. Facilities to support effective teaching and research 5. Funding for operations and instruction
UNESCO: Research and Higher Education Policy, Nov. 2006 6. Research funding 7. Research infrastructure 8. High quality leadership
North-South Divide • Resources • Problems • Mission • Standards
Divisions in the North American dominance of Global 10 University Rankings: - Only Oxford and Cambridge in contention - Spending on tertiary education: UK-- 1. 1% of GDP US– 2. 6% of GDP (1. 4% private sector) Any European world-class research universities in 20 years’ time?
Divisions within Countries • 4000+ HEI in the US (Carnegie Foundation, 2000) – Research Universities: 261
Parallels between Basic and Higher Education • Simultaneous Demand for Access and Quality • Priority on Access – Declining government budgets – Entry of private sector entrepreneurs – On-line/distance education • Priority on Teaching
Implications for APQN • Strengthen QA on the teaching function • Establish guidelines for research in teaching institutions • Develop metrics for different HEI levels
Implications for APQN • Focus on threshold indicators • Priority to Teaching vs. Research
Thank You
- Slides: 27