Emergency and Transitional Shelter Concepts 1 Definition of

Emergency and Transitional Shelter Concepts 1

Definition of terms 1. What is “emergency shelter”? 2. What is “transitional shelter”? 3. What are “household NFIs”? 2

Emergency Shelter… 1. What is “emergency shelter”? The provision of basic and immediate shelter needs necessary to ensure the survival of disaster affected persons 3

Emergency Shelter… …includes ‘rapid response’ solutions such as tents, insulation materials, other temporary emergency shelter solutions, and shelter related non-food items. IFRC “Emergency Shelter Cluster: Contingency Planning Process 4

Transitional Shelter 1. What is “emergency shelter”? 2. What is “transitional shelter”? Transitional shelter provides: • a habitable covered living space • a secure, healthy living environment • privacy and dignity for those living within it • sheltering during the period between a conflict or natural disaster and the achievement of a durable shelter solution 5

Household NFIs 1. What is “emergency shelter”? 2. What is “transitional shelter”? 3. What are household NFIs? Items necessary to create shelter, including blankets, mattresses, flooring, stoves, water containers, clothing, cooking sets, sometimes tents and construction materials 6

Transition settlement: displaced populations 7

Priorities of non-food items in cold climates 4 Wind proofing 3 Mattress 5 Stove & fuel Survivor 2 Roof 6 Insulated floor 1 Clothes, blankets 7 Insulated roof 8

Shelter materials Roof coverings: thatch, clay tiles, CGI metal sheeting, concrete, plastic sheeting, woven bamboo Walls/structure: stones, adobe mud brick, clay bricks, steel beams, reinforced concrete, bamboo, reed mats Humanitarian timber project Floors: earth, concrete, brick 9

Materials: Roofing 10

Materials: Structure/Walls 11

Household NFIs 12

Shelter-to-housing process Transitional shelter Emergency shelter Permanent reconstruction Transition phase Emergency phase Time line Disaster/ emergency 13

Emergency to Permanent 14

Shelter options: Dispersed settlement Host family Rural self-settlement Urban self-settlement 15

Shelter options: Grouped settlement Collective centres Self-settled camps Planned camps 16

• 145 12 common assistance approaches Household non-food items (NFIs)- cooking sets, blankets, etc. Shelter non-food items (NFIs)- construction timber, tools, etc. Transitional shelter- habitable, covered, healthy, secure, private living space achievement of a durable shelter solution Community labour- for simple design projects and traditions of self-building Contracted labour- for large or complex projects, infrastructure Direct labour- for small projects and rapid response Cash- dispersed directly to beneficiaries in phases Vouchers- an alternative to cash for materials or services Loans and guarantees- when there is stable access to supplies and repayment is feasible Local information centres- for info throughout the response Capacity building- integrates training Technical expertise- to support all assistance methods From Shelter Centre, Shelter Training 08 b, Nov. 2008 17

Instant Assessment In the following photos • What are the environmental implications of the information? 18

What is impact of the disaster on the environment? 19

What is the impact of the emergency response on the environment? MSF, Bangladesh 2007 Mud Slide Colombia Photos CHF 20

What is the impact of the emergency response on the environment? Transporting wood to camp IDP shelters, Panjwai, Kandahar, Afghanistan 2003 21

What is the impact of the emergency response on the environment? Emergency shelter Kenya, 2007: CHF International Emergency shelter Haiti 2008 22

Emergency shelters examples 23

What is the impact of the NFI distribution on the environment? fuel for distribution, Maslack camp, Herat, Afghanistan 2002 stoves for distribution, Maslack camp, Herat, Afghanistan 2002 24

What is the impact of the transitional shelter response on the environment? 25

Transitional shelter example Photos CHF 26

Permanent housing examples Architecture for Humanity, Sri Lanka Architecture for Humanity, Bam, Iran 27

Exercise: Environmental implications See page __ • Divide into four groups • Each group will be assigned a specific disaster phase and one or two of the shelter types for displaced populations • Each group will analyze the environmental issues or implications for their shelter type for that stage of disaster response • Consider what natural resources are used and where the resources come from 28

Exercise: Environmental implications Shelter type Host families Rural self-settled Urban self-settled & Collective centres (mass shelters) Self-settled camps & Planned camps Immediate emergency response Emergency Shelter Transitional Shelter Permanent Shelter Group A Group B Group C Group D 29

Key Points 1. The primary role of the Environmental Advisor is to be an effective advocate for practical shelter solutions that have the least possible negative environmental impact. 2. Transitional shelter should be made of materials that can be moved and reused. 3. Optimize use of debris to use it as resource of building materials and to clear site. 4. The Emergency Shelter Cluster may assist in setting up an IDP camp, but transition and resettlement is not within the mandate of the ESC. 5. Build back safer and build back sustainably 30