Emergencies in Kids KKID 13 June 2018 Emergencies

Emergencies in Kids KKID 13 June 2018

Emergencies in Kids • High Fever • Dehydration • Jaundice • Sepsis 2

Causes for High Fever (I) Infection or illness • Infection of the nose, throat, airways or lungs • Viral flu • Ear infection • Chickenpox or roseola. 3

Causes for High Fever (II) Infection or illness • Stomach flu • A bacterial infection, such as typhoid. • Mosquito borne diseases. • Heat stroke. 4

How to treat baby’s high temperature • Give lots of drinks to hydrated. Offer extra breastfeeds if baby is exclusively breastfed. If baby is on formula milk give extra cooled boiled water. • If baby is old enough for solids, don't worry if baby doesn't want to eat for the first day. After the first day, tempt with small snacks to keep up energy. • Baby will need to rest while ill, so help her/him to relax and doze. 5

How to treat baby’s high temperature (cont’d) • Dress baby as comfortable as possible and leave her head uncovered. • Don’t over-wrap, sheets and lightweight blankets are cooler than quilts or duvets and you can peel them off when necessary. • Sponge your baby's face, neck, arms and legs with lukewarm (not cold) water to bring down the fever. • Check on your baby now and then during the night. 6

High Fever: when it is serious? Under 3 months Temperature of 38 C or more 3 -6 months Temperature of 39 C or more 7

High Fever: when it is serious? Baby is under two months old and doesn't want to feed. This includes breastfeeds or bottle feeds. Baby is particularly sleepy or drowsy, or is panting, making a grunting noise when breathing, or finding it so hard to breathe that she's sucking her tummy in under her ribs. Baby has sunken fontanelles (the soft spots on her head), along with other symptoms, including dry lips, no tears, and fewer wet nappies than usual. These can be signs of dehydration. Baby has an unexplained rash or blotchy skin. 8

Dehydration 9

How to Treat Dehydration For mild Dehydration in infant and under 1 years old: - Breast-feed, nurse more often - If baby is bottle feed, give the usual amount of fluid, unless the baby is vomiting. If baby is vomiting, give smaller amounts more frequently - If baby eats solid food, cereal, strained bananas, and mashed potatoes, also provide fluids. - Give an oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte, if possible. It replaces salt, sugar, potassium, and other nutrients. 10

How to Treat Dehydration For mild Dehydration in 1 to 11 years old: - Give extra fluids in frequent, small sips, especially if the child is vomiting. - Choose clear soup, clear soda, or Pedialyte, if possible. - Give popsicles, ice chips, and cereal mixed with milk for added water or fluid. - Continue a regular diet. 11

When Dehydration is Emergency? When child - Has extremely dry mouth or no tears - Is lethargic - Is older and does not urinate in 12 or more hours - Isn't alert or able to think clearly - Passes out - Is too weak or dizzy to stand 12

Jaundice (Yellowing Skin and Whites of the Eyes) Causes: • Contaminated water can contain a virus called Hepatitis. When the Hepatitis virus attacks the liver it can lead to jaundice. Waterborne jaundice is common, especially in the summer. Viral Hepatitis is the biggest cause of jaundice in India. • Other infections like typhoid and malaria can also cause jaundice. 13

How to know if child has jaundice If child has jaundice, you may notice the following: • yellow skin and eyes • pale or clay colored stools • dark colored urine Baby may also have: a high fever, chills, tummy pain, flu-like symptoms, such as muscle and joint pain, unexplained weight loss, itchy skin, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting If a toddler may have jaundice, take him/her to the doctor immediately. 14

What to do to Prevent Jaundice § Access to clean water. To make drinking water safe simply boil it. § Don't buy drinks, shakes or ice from roadside vendors or stalls. § Make sure child gets the vaccine against Hepatitis B § Give child well-balanced meals of vegetables, fruit and protein (meats, eggs, dairy, legumes, nuts, grains) § Make sure that child is active. 15

Sepsis 16

Sepsis Is a Medical Emergency § Infant 3 months old with rectal temperature of 38°C or higher, seems very drowsy, is irritable, won't eat, has difficulty breathing, or appears ill § Take the baby to see a doctor immediately. 17

Sepsis in older Babies and Children - Symptoms may include a fever, irritability, difficulty breathing, and drowsiness. - A child may be confused, have trouble breathing, have a rash, appear ill, or complain that his or heart feels like it's racing. See doctor right away if child has these symptoms. Prevention: - Immunization - Hand washing 18

Thank you 19

Prevention 20

Thank you 21

Child Development 22