EMERGENCE OF TRANSREGIONAL NETWORKS OF COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE

EMERGENCE OF TRANSREGIONAL NETWORKS OF COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE With the increase of trade; demand localized trade networks develop

Land Water trade routes � � Eurasian Silk Road Trans-Saharan Caravan routes Indian Ocean Sea lanes Mediterranean Sea Lanes

New Technology facilitates trade � � � Domesticated pack animals transport goods across longer routes Yokes Saddles Stirrups Animals include: Horses, Oxen, Llamas, and Camels

Innovations in maritime technology � � Lanteen sail Dhow Ships

Lanteen Sail Helped make use of the monsoon winds to travel faster

Dhow Ships More streamlined

New farming techniques � � The qanat system- is a water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water for human settlements and irrigation in hot, arid and semi-arid climates. Qanats are constructed as a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels. Qanats tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface without need for pumping.

Qanat System of irrigation Series of Shafts and tunnels

Effects of disease ROMAN EMPIRE � The Antonine Plague, AD 165– 180 caused up to 2, 000 deaths a day in Rome, one quarter of those infected. [3] Total deaths have been estimated at five million. [4] The disease killed as much as one-third of the population in some areas and decimated the Roman army. [5] CHINESE EMPIRE � Epidemic disease came later to China than to Rome but still had the same negative impact on classical Chinese society.