Emergence of the Cold War Background Cold War

Emergence of the Cold War

Background • Cold War lasted from 1945 until 1991 • U. S. (democracy & capitalism) vs. USSR (communism) • Europe was at the center – divided between NATO & the Warsaw Pact • It became a global “conflict” as the superpowers attempted to establish influence & dominance in areas that were former European colonies.

Germany divided after WWII

Berlin divided after WWII

1. Emergence of the Cold War 1. “Iron Curtain” falls 2. Winston Churchill 3. Imaginary boundary b/t 4. Stalin (& Molotov) call Western democracies

II. Reason for Animosity 1. ideological 2. Soviet desire for 3. Disagreement over 4. U. S. belief in 5. Siberian Expedition & Second Front

III. United Nations 1. Founded in 1945 2. Two governing bodies a) General Assembly b) Security Council 3. Ineffective in beginning b/c 4. Baruch Plan

IV. Early Western Successes in Cold War 1. Containment = a) stop the ________ b) This U. S. policy: 1) was a major 2) meant U. S. had become a permanent player

2. Truman Doctrine a) aim = _______ & offered _____ & _____ aid b) Greece c) Turkey

3. Marshall Plan a) gave ____aid to W. Europe. Why? b) It restored c) It encouraged d) Soviet response e) Comecon f) Cominform

4. Berlin Airlift (1948) a) Germany divided into b) Berlin c) Soviets wanted d) 1948 – Soviets e) Allies response: f) May 1949 -

V. NATO & the Warsaw Pact 1. NATO = a) an attack on one 2. Warsaw Pact

VI. Rivalries Outside of Europe 1. Israel a) created in May b) U. N. resolution called for c) Israel almost immediately at d) U. S. supports Israel. Why? e) USSR supports?

VII. The “Three Shocks” of 1949 1. 2. 3.

VIII. Korean War 1. At Potsdam 2. Korea was supposed to be a) U. S. occupied b) USSR occupied 3. N. Korea invades S. Korea in 1950 4. War ends with an armistice in 1952

Korean Memorial (Wash. D. C. ) – dedicated July 27, 1995