Elusive Gold Gold Mining Methods Characteristics of Gold

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Elusive Gold: Gold Mining Methods

Elusive Gold: Gold Mining Methods

Characteristics of Gold • Rare, soft metal found in nature • Easily melted or

Characteristics of Gold • Rare, soft metal found in nature • Easily melted or hammered into new shapes

Characteristics of Gold • A heavy metal found buried under sand water, in rock

Characteristics of Gold • A heavy metal found buried under sand water, in rock cracks, or lining quartz rock.

Gold Panning • One person operation • Requires dipping the gold pan in water

Gold Panning • One person operation • Requires dipping the gold pan in water to wash away the sand gravel leaving behind the heavier gold.

Rocker/Cradle • An open box mounted on rockers that used water, the rocking motion

Rocker/Cradle • An open box mounted on rockers that used water, the rocking motion and gravity to separate the gold from dirt.

Rocker/Cradle Operated by three miners

Rocker/Cradle Operated by three miners

Long Tom • About 12 feet long • More efficient than the rocker Courtesy

Long Tom • About 12 feet long • More efficient than the rocker Courtesy California State

Long Tom What other tools are the miners using? Courtesy California State Library

Long Tom What other tools are the miners using? Courtesy California State Library

Sluice Box Series of riffle boxes connected together into a long chain that water

Sluice Box Series of riffle boxes connected together into a long chain that water flowed through. Courtesy California State Library

Water = Gold • As mining methods changed, more water was needed. • Dams

Water = Gold • As mining methods changed, more water was needed. • Dams and flumes were built to store and redirect water.

Hydraulic Mining • Powerful jets from water cannons (monitors) sprayed hillsides • Dirt and

Hydraulic Mining • Powerful jets from water cannons (monitors) sprayed hillsides • Dirt and gravel washed into sluices

Hydraulic Mining & the Environment What happened to all that dirt and gravel?

Hydraulic Mining & the Environment What happened to all that dirt and gravel?

Coyoting • A form of “dry mining” • Miners dug a hole straight into

Coyoting • A form of “dry mining” • Miners dug a hole straight into the ground. • Gravel then raised to the surface and washed in sluice boxes or crushed

Coyoting • Often the shafts were not supported and many coyote miners lost their

Coyoting • Often the shafts were not supported and many coyote miners lost their lives in collapsed holes Coyote mine shaft still visible at Red Rock Canyon State Park

Hard Rock Mining/tunneling • Underground tunnels followed veins of gold found in quartz rock

Hard Rock Mining/tunneling • Underground tunnels followed veins of gold found in quartz rock • Required large companies of men

Hard Rock Mining • Miners used drills and blasting powder to remove the gold

Hard Rock Mining • Miners used drills and blasting powder to remove the gold bearing quartz

Hard Rock Mining Carts carried the ore to the surface where stamp mills crushed

Hard Rock Mining Carts carried the ore to the surface where stamp mills crushed the quartz and gold was removed

Hard Rock Mining & the Environment Why are underground mines still dangerous today?

Hard Rock Mining & the Environment Why are underground mines still dangerous today?

California Mining Legacy Columbia State. Historic. Park Bodie State

California Mining Legacy Columbia State. Historic. Park Bodie State

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