Elements of Music 1 2 3 4 Melody

Elements of Music 1. 2. 3. 4. Melody – a succession of tones arranged in such a way to give musical sense. Rhythm – is the movement or procedure with uniform recurrence of a beat, accent or the like. Harmony – the sounding of a series or group of tones at the same time or simultaneously. Timbre – The character of the tone produced by an instrument

The six classes of vocal register Ø Soprano – high register female voice Ø Mezzo-soprano – medium register female voice Ø Alto or contralto- low register female Ø Tenor – high register male voice Ø Baritone – medium register male voice Ø Base – low register male voice

Interpretation Ø TEMPO – the speed of the composition Terms commonly used to indicate tempo: Largo – very slow Adagio – slow Andante – walking pace Andantino – a little faster than andante Allegreto – moderately fast Allegro – fast Presto – very fast Accelerando – gradually becoming faster Ritardando – gradually becoming slower

Ø DYNAMICS – refer to the loudness or softness of music. Dynamic marks: pp – pianissimo – very soft p – piano – soft mp – mezzo piano – medium soft mf – mezzo forte medium loud f – forte – loud ff – fortissimo – very loud - crescendo – gradually becoming louder - decrescendo – gradually becoming softer dim. – diminuendo – gradually becoming softer

Ø Mood Marks Animato – with spirit Dolce – Sweetly Sostenuto – sustained Maestoso – majestically Vivace - vivaciously

Ø Phrasing – a series of tones which more or less expresses a musical idea and should be sung in one breath. Breathing in singing is called phrasing. Ø Style – refers to the composer’s or singer’s way of doing his part. This is the result of his temperament, outlook in life, and training.

Definition of Terms Performance - is the physical expression of music. Often, a musical work is performed once its structure and instrumentation are satisfactory to its creators; however, as it gets performed, it can evolve and change. Ø Aural tradition - Many types of music, such as traditional blues and folk music were originally preserved in the memory of performers, and the songs were handed down orally, or aurally (by ear). When the composer of music is no longer known, this music is often classified as "traditional". Ø Ornamentation Ø The detail included explicitly in the music notation varies between genres and historical periods. •

Ø Production Music is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. Amateur musicians compose and perform music for their own pleasure, and they do not derive their income from music. Professional musicians are employed by a range of institutions and organizations, including armed forces, churches and synagogues, symphony orchestras, broadcasting or film production companies, and music schools. Professional musicians sometimes work as freelancers, seeking contracts and engagements in a variety of settings.

Ø Composition "Composition" is often classed as the creation and recording of music via a medium by which others can interpret it (i. e. paper or sound). Many cultures use at least part of the concept of preconceiving musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Ø Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the music is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music.